Inspiratory muscle loading: a new approach for lowering glucose levels and glucose variability in patients with Type 2 diabetes

Corrêa, Ana Paula Folmer; Figueira, Franciele Ramos; Umpierre, Daniel; Casali, Karina Rabello; Schaan, Beatriz D.

doi:10.1111/dme.12798

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…34,39,40 The signi¯cant reduction in the fasting blood glucose level (FBS) observed in the IS group and non-signi¯cant reduction in the control group imply that IS brought about the di®erence although the comparison between the mean di®erences of the two groups showed no signi¯cant di®erence. This is similar to the¯ndings of Correa et al 20 who reported that high resistance of inspiratory muscle exercise reduces blood glucose levels. It was also posited that IMT improves insulin sensitivity in elderly patients with insulin resistance, hence leading to reduction in blood glucose level.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…17 Since there is a relationship between the cardiopulmonary function and functional capacity as well as glycemic levels in patients with T2DM, any intervention that affects the respiratory function may in turn affect the other parameters. 20 , 21 This study was therefore designed to determine the effects of IS on selected cardiopulmonary parameters, functional capacity and glycemic control in patients with T2DM and the correlation between pulmonary function and functional capacity, duration of the disease (DOD) and glycemic control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of incentive spirometry on cardiopulmonary parameters, functional capacity and glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes

Aweto

Obikeh

Tella

2020

Hong Kong Physiother. J.

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Background: Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suffer cardiopulmonary impairment and may present with weakness of the inspiratory muscles. This study was designed to determine the effects of incentive spirometry (IS) on selected cardiopulmonary parameters, functional capacity and glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Methods: Fifty-nine participants (25 males and 34 females) recruited from the out-patient clinic of the Department of Medicine of two hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria, who were randomly assigned into two groups, completed the study. In addition to the medical management of T2DM, IS group received incentive spirometry while control group continued with the medical management of T2DM alone. Selected cardiovascular parameters, pulmonary parameters, functional capacity (using 6-min walk test) and fasting blood glucose level were assessed at baseline and at the end of eight weeks intervention period. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 21). Level of significance was set at [Formula: see text]. Results: There were statistically significant improvements in all the cardiovascular parameters ([Formula: see text]) of IS group except systolic blood pressure. There were significant changes in all the pulmonary parameters, functional capacity and glycemic control ([Formula: see text]) of IS group while there was none in control group. There were significant differences between the mean changes of various selected outcome measures of the two groups ([Formula: see text]) except for diastolic blood pressure and blood glucose level. Conclusion: IS had positive effects in improving cardiopulmonary function, functional capacity and glycemic control in patients with T2DM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of incentive spirometry on cardiopulmonary parameters, functional capacity and glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes

Aweto

Obikeh

Tella

2020

Hong Kong Physiother. J.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, as not all patients tolerate conventional exercise and some find it difficult to adhere to fitness programs, alternatives must be developed to enable these patients to obtain the benefits of physical exercise. Inspiratory muscle training is a novel exercise modality that has demonstrated impressive beneficial effects on inspiratory muscle strength and resistance [ 29 , 50 ] and in reduction of glucose variability [ 30 ]. However, given the relatively small sample size of our preliminary study [ 30 ], we planned to examine this question in greater depth through a new study with a larger sample of patients with type 2 diabetes, seeking to confirm that a single bout of inspiratory muscle exercise may provide a benefit similar to that achieved with aerobic exercise on glucose levels and glucose variability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inspiratory muscle training is a novel exercise modality that has demonstrated impressive beneficial effects on inspiratory muscle strength and resistance [ 29 , 50 ] and in reduction of glucose variability [ 30 ]. However, given the relatively small sample size of our preliminary study [ 30 ], we planned to examine this question in greater depth through a new study with a larger sample of patients with type 2 diabetes, seeking to confirm that a single bout of inspiratory muscle exercise may provide a benefit similar to that achieved with aerobic exercise on glucose levels and glucose variability. In brief, this study will be conducted to evaluate glucose levels, glucose variability, and cardiovascular autonomic responses at rest, during, and after a session of acute inspiratory muscle exercise performed under two resistance loads (low, 2 % of PImax; high, 60 % of PImax).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inspiratory muscle training is a modality that has proven benefits in several clinical situations [ 26 , 27 ], such as improving cardiopulmonary capacity and normalizing derangements in autonomic function [ 27 , 28 ]. In patients with type 2 diabetes, this exercise modality can improve the strength and resistance of inspiratory muscles [ 29 ] and reduce glucose levels and glucose variability [ 30 ]. We speculate that, in type 2 diabetes, beyond reflecting the well-known improvement in insulin sensitivity induced by muscle contractions, inspiratory exercise would also yield improvements in cardiovascular autonomic function [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are glucose levels, glucose variability and autonomic control influenced by inspiratory muscle exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes? Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Schein

Corrêa

Casali

et al. 2016

Trials

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BackgroundPhysical exercise reduces glucose levels and glucose variability in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acute inspiratory muscle exercise has been shown to reduce these parameters in a small group of patients with type 2 diabetes, but these results have yet to be confirmed in a well-designed study. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of acute inspiratory muscle exercise on glucose levels, glucose variability, and cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods/designThis study will use a randomized clinical trial crossover design. A total of 14 subjects will be recruited and randomly allocated to two groups to perform acute inspiratory muscle loading at 2 % of maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax, placebo load) or 60 % of PImax (experimental load).DiscussionInspiratory muscle training could be a novel exercise modality to be used to decrease glucose levels and glucose variability.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02292810.

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Acute inspiratory muscle exercise effect on glucose levels, glucose variability and autonomic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A crossover randomized trial

Schein

Corrêa

Macedo

et al. 2020

Autonomic Neuroscience

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Inspiratory muscle exercise (IME) can be an alternative to conventional exercise. We aimed to evaluate the effect of IME on glucose, glucose variability, and autonomic cardiovascular control in type 2 diabetes. Fourteen diabetic subjects were randomly assigned to IME with 2% maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) or 60% PImax wearing a continuous glucose monitoring system for three days. Glucose variability [glucose variance (VAR), glucose coefficient of variation (CV%), glucose standard deviation (SD), and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)] were evaluated. Glucose reduction was observed in 5 min (60% of PImax 33.2% and 2% of PImax 32.0%), 60 min (60% of PImax 29.6% and 2% of PImax 31.4%) and 120 min (60% of PImax 21.4% and 2% of PImax 24.0%) after IME (vs.1 h before the exercise), with no difference between loads. This reduction in glucose levels was observed in all moments of the IME protocol. Glucose variability was reduced after 12 h and 18 h of the IME (ΔCV: P < 0.001, ΔSD: P < 0.001 and ΔVAR: P < 0.001) for both loads. No difference was found in MAGE (P = 0.594) after IME. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate rose during the exercise session with 60% of PImax. Although sufficiently strong to induce cardiovascular changes, an inspiratory muscle exercise session with 60% of PImax in subjects with type 2 diabetes has failed to induce any significant improvement in glucose, glucose variability and autonomic control, compared to the 2% Plmax exercise session.

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Inspiratory muscle loading: a new approach for lowering glucose levels and glucose variability in patients with Type 2 diabetes

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of incentive spirometry on cardiopulmonary parameters, functional capacity and glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes

Effects of incentive spirometry on cardiopulmonary parameters, functional capacity and glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes

Are glucose levels, glucose variability and autonomic control influenced by inspiratory muscle exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes? Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Acute inspiratory muscle exercise effect on glucose levels, glucose variability and autonomic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A crossover randomized trial

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