Inspiratory flow-resistive breathing, respiratory muscle-induced systemic oxidative stress, and diaphragm fatigue in healthy humans

Briskey, David; Vogel, Kurt; Johnson, Michael; Sharpe, GR; Coombes, Jeff S.; Mills, Dean E.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00091.2020

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Studies have also confirmed that exhaustive exercise will cause damage to the liver tissue of the body to a certain extent. After excessive exercise, the active oxygen and other substances and oxidative stress levels in the body are significantly increased [ 12 , 13 ]. Therefore, improving the body's ability to resist oxidative stress is of great significance for preventing cardiovascular system damage after EIF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Hyperbaric Oxygen Combined with Astaxanthin Mediating Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway to Improve Exercise Fatigue in Mice

Zhang

Gao

2022

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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Objective. This work aimed to explore the application and optimization of the electrophysiological monitoring system to real-time monitor the exercise-induced fatigue (EIF) animals and investigate the intervention mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) combined with natural astaxanthin (NAX) on EIF. Methods. First, a system was constructed for acquisition, processing, and feature extraction of electrocardiograph (ECG) signal and surface electromyography (EMG) signal for EIF monitoring. The mice were randomly divided into a control group (CG), EIF group (EG), HBO treatment (HBO) group, and HBO combined with NAX treatment (HBO + NAX) group. The effect of the constructed system on classification recognition of EIF was analyzed. The levels of serum antioxidative stress indicators of mice in each group were detected, including malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione-peroxidation (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). In addition, the mRNA and protein levels of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway related genes in liver tissue were detected. Results. The results showed that the normalized least mean squares algorithm effectively removed the motion artifact interference of ECG signal and can clearly display the signal peak, and high-pass filtering and power frequency filtering effectively removed the motion and baseline drift interference of surface EMG signal. The recognition sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the EIF recognition model based on the long- and short-term memory network were 90.0%, 93.3%, and 92.5%, respectively. Compared with the CG, the characteristics of ECG signal and surface EMG signal of the mice in the EIF group changed greatly ( P < 0.05 ); the serum MDA level was increased obviously; the CAT, SOD, GSH, GSH-Px, and T-AOC levels were observably reduced ( P < 0.05 ); the expressions of Keap1 and HO-1 in the liver were reduced remarkably, while the expression of Nrf2 was increased notably ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the EIF group, the characteristics of ECG signal and surface EMG signal of the mice in the HBO and HBO + NAX groups were obviously improved ( P < 0.05 ); the serum MDA level was significantly reduced; the CAT, SOD, GSH, GSH-Px, and T-AOC levels were greatly increased ( P < 0.05 ); the expressions of Keap1 and HO-1 in the liver were greatly increased, while the expression of Nrf2 was decreased sharply ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Therefore, the feature extraction and classification system of ECG signal combined with surface EMG signal could realize real-time monitoring of EIF status. HBO intervention could improve the body’s ability to resist oxidative stress through the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and then improve the EIF state. In addition, the improvement effect of HBO + NAX was more obvious.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Hyperbaric Oxygen Combined with Astaxanthin Mediating Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway to Improve Exercise Fatigue in Mice

Zhang

Gao

2022

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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“…This is likely due to the absence of high flow rates providing an insufficient stimulus for the respiratory muscles to adapt, as demonstrated in previous research adopting FRL techniques where ventilation is controlled (Mickleborough et al 2010). Recent data support this notion and emphasise the need for sufficiently strenuous, inspiratory flow-resistive loads (> 50% P Imax ) to elicit an adaptive response and whilst this did not influence peak transdiaphragmatic pressure, markers of oxidative stress were elevated (Briskey et al 2020). Although not measured as part of this study, the resistance posed by the masks during exercise is an important consideration in their overall effectiveness and future research should look to quantify the inspiratory load and the work of breathing during exercise with a flow-resistive load mask to determine whether these methods provide a sufficient and consistent overload stimulus that could lead to chronic adaptations within the respiratory muscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

A flow resistive inspiratory muscle training mask worn during high-intensity interval training does not improve 5 km running time-trial performance

et al. 2020

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Purpose There is little evidence of the ergogenic effect of flow-resistive masks worn during exercise. We compared a flow-resistive face mask (MASK) worn during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) against pressure threshold loading inspiratory muscle training (IMT). Methods 23 participants (13 males) completed a 5 km time trial and six weeks of HIIT (3 sessions weekly). HIIT (n = 8) consisted of repeated work (2 min) at the speed equivalent to 95% $${\dot{\text{V}}}$$ V ˙ O2 peak with equal rest. Repetitions were incremental (six in weeks 1, 2 and 6, eight in weeks 3 and 4 and ten in week 5). Participants were allocated to one of three training groups. MASK (n = 8) wore a flow-resistive mask during all sessions. The IMT group (n = 8) completed 2 × 30 breaths daily at 50% maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax). A control group (CON, n = 7) completed HIIT only. Following HIIT, participants completed two 5 km time trials, the first matched identically to pre-intervention trial (ISO time), and a self-paced effort. Results Time trial performance was improved in all groups (MASK 3.1 ± 1.7%, IMT, 5.7 ± 1.5% and CON 2.6 ± 1.0%, p < 0.05). IMT improved greater than MASK and CON (p = 0.004). Post intervention, PImax and diaphragm thickness were improved in IMT only (32% and 9.5%, respectively, p = 0.003 and 0.024). Conclusion A flow-resistive mask worn during HIIT provides no benefit to 5 km performance when compared to HIIT only. Supplementing HIIT with IMT improves respiratory muscle strength, morphology and performance greater than HIIT alone.

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“…This may be due to the high variability and small sample size in the previous study. Rapid or gentle breathing regulates the contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscle, which can affect the F2-isoprostane content in exhaled air ( 73 , 74 ). Aerobic exercise has been reported to reduce F2-isoprostane levels in patients with circulatory system or metabolic diseases ( 75 , 76 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inflammatory and pathological reactions further promote OS, creating a vicious cycle that worsens the disease ( 79 ). Breathing exercises are steady and medium-intensity exercises ( 54 , 74 ), which effectively inhibit lipid peroxidation reactions, maintain the antioxidant capacity at a high level, enhance the stability of the internal environment, and promote the removal of harmful substances ( 80 , 81 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of breathing exercises on oxidative stress biomarkers in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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BackgroundBreathing exercises improve oxidative stress in healthy young adults and patients with diabetes, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Furthermore, the mechanism of respiratory intervention is controversial. Therefore, in this meta-analysis, we aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of breathing exercises on oxidative stress biomarkers in humans and provide evidence for the clinical application of breathing exercises.MethodsThe Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and WANFANG databases were searched for studies about the effects of breathing exercises on human oxidative stress levels, with no restraints regarding time, race, or language. The experimental group included various breathing exercises, and the outcome index included malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione, nitric oxide, vitamin C, or total antioxidant capacity levels from a randomized controlled trial. Data were extracted by more than two authors and reviewed by one author.ResultsTen studies were included from five countries. Data from patients with no disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, or diabetes were included. Participants who performed breathing exercises had greater changes in the included biomarkers than those who did not, suggesting that these biomarkers can be used to evaluate oxidative stress after respiratory interventions.ConclusionBreathing exercises increased SOD and GSH activities and decreased MDA content.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022337119, identifier CRD42022337119.

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Inspiratory flow-resistive breathing, respiratory muscle-induced systemic oxidative stress, and diaphragm fatigue in healthy humans

Cited by 6 publications

References 64 publications

Mechanism of Hyperbaric Oxygen Combined with Astaxanthin Mediating Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway to Improve Exercise Fatigue in Mice

Mechanism of Hyperbaric Oxygen Combined with Astaxanthin Mediating Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway to Improve Exercise Fatigue in Mice

A flow resistive inspiratory muscle training mask worn during high-intensity interval training does not improve 5 km running time-trial performance

Effect of breathing exercises on oxidative stress biomarkers in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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