Insomnia: Anxiety, sleep-incompatible behaviors and depression

Abstract

Evaluated the relevance of the physiological-arousal model, the stimulus-control paradigm, and depression to insomnia both as a unitary construct and to its components. The Manifest Anxiety Scale, the Sleep Behavior Self Rating Scale and the Zung Depression Scale were administered to 81 clinical Ss. Three separate discriminant function analyses were performed with self-reported "sleeping difficulty," "latency of falling asleep," and "total hours of sleep" as criterion variables. The above three scales and the following four sleep patterns were used as indices: number of nocturnal wakings, latency to fall asleep once awake, number of early wakings, and frequency of feelings of fatigue upon wakings. The findings indicated that the physiological-arousal model was relevant both to insomnia overall and to its component of sleep-onset insomnia. The stimulus-control paradigm was found to be relevant only to sleep-onset insomnia. Depression was not a sensitive discriminator, possibly due to the heterogeneity of the patient population studied. It is emphasized that different mechanisms might be operating with the heterogeneous symptom "insomnia," and the replication of findings with criteria that include significant others and electroencephalographic measures is suggested.

Are sleep hygiene practices related to the incidence, persistence and remission of insomnia? Findings from a prospective community study

“…The link between sleep hygiene practices and insomnia has also been explored by comparing the frequency of sleep hygiene behaviors in good and poor sleepers. Earlier studies that have focused solely on sleepincompatible behaviors associated with the bed and the bedroom, such as reading or watching TV in bed, have reported inconsistent findings (Haynes et al, 1974;Kazarian et al, 1978). Newer studies have examined a broader range of sleep hygiene practices in good and poor sleepers.…”

Взаимосвязь Субъективной И Объективной Картины Нарушений Сна С Тревогой И Депрессией У Пациентов С Инсомнией, Парасомниями, Синдромом Апноэ Во Сне: Сопоставительный Анализ

“…Наконец, очевидно, что хронические нарушения сна могут непосредственно вызывать тревожные и депрессивные переживания [Kazarian et al, 1978], что позволило ряду исследователей говорить об инсомнии как модели хронического стресса [Левин, 2005]. С тревогой и депрессией связаны как собственно жалобы на нарушения сна, так и жалобы на сонливость, нарушения дневного функционирования и апатию [Koffel, Watson, 2009].…”