Insomnia among Town Residents in Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

Abstract

Background. Insomnia is one of the most common sleep problems throughout the world and a major public health concern among adults in the general population. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of insomnia and its associated factors among town adult residents in Ethiopia. Methods. Community-based cross-sectional study was done among 840 randomly selected adult participants by using standardized and pretested Athens insomnia scale (AIS) to assess insomnia. Systematic random sampling technique was used to get samples of the study participants. Data were entered into Epi-Info and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression models were used for analysis. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to show the odds, and P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results. The prevalence of insomnia was found to be 42.9%. Sleep problems were associated with female sex [AOR =2.74, 95% CI; (1.77, 4.24)], age above 48 years [AOR=4.67, 95% CI: (2.32, 9.40)], being single [AOR=2.81, 95% CI (1.59, 4.95)] and widowed [AOR=4.20, 95% CI; (1.60, 11.01)], khat chewing [AOR=1.76,95% CI; (1.19, 2.60)], current tobacco smoking [AOR=3.13, 95% CI; (1.64, 5.95)], caffeinated beverage use [AOR=1.67, 95% CI; (1.12, 2.49)], comorbid medical-surgical disorders [AOR=2.03, 95% CI; (1.18, 3.48)], common mental disorders [AOR=8.92, 95% CI; (5.93,13.44)], and noise at bed time [AOR=2.13 95% CI; (1.20, 3.78)]. Conclusion. The prevalence of insomnia has to be found high and associated with many area related factors. It is important to pay attention in urban settings and large scale studies recommended.

Smoking and Incidence of Sleep Disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

“…The stratified analysis according to smoking status found significant association between current smokers and incidence of sleep disorder, both for regular smokers and occasional smokers. Many previous studies reported similar association [7,30]. The association between occasional smokers and incidence of sleep disorder was more significant than regular smokers.…”

“…More work needed to be done to reveal the substantial association between smoking and sleep disorder. Cross-sectional studies and epidemiological researches in other areas revealed the negative effect of smoking on sleep health [7,30]. Sleep disorder and smoking are both worldwide problems.…”

Escala de Insomnio de Atenas: Evidencias psicométricas en adultos peruanos

“…El hecho de que se experimente problemas para dormir es alarmante dado que se ha relacionado con una variedad de resultados perjudiciales. Por ejemplo, la evidencia empírica sugiere que el insomnio en población adulta mayormente se encuentra relacionado con problemas de ansiedad y sintomatología depresiva (La et al, 2020), ideas suicidas, desesperanza y estrés (Palagini et al, 2021), consumo de cafeína, tabaco y diversos desórdenes físicos (Ali et al, 2019). Respecto al sexo, las investigaciones indican mayor prevalencia en las mujeres (Ali et al, 2019;La et al, 2020), aunque otro estudio señala que no existen diferencias en relación al sexo (Sierra et al, 2008).…”

Prevalence of Insomnia in Two Saskatchewan First Nation Communities

“…In addition, insomnia has been shown to significantly contribute to accidents, absenteeism from work, and decreased work productivity [ 3 ]. Epidemiological studies around the world including Canada reported that prevalence of insomnia varied from 4% to 50% [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Many definitions exist for insomnia, and estimates vary by definition [ 2 , 14 , 15 ].…”

“…Insomnia is associated with many demographic and proximal social factors such as sex [ 2 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 16 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], age [ 2 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 21 , 22 ], marital status [ 2 , 7 , 11 , 13 ], education [ 7 , 11 , 16 ], family income [ 2 , 7 , 11 , 14 , 16 , 21 ]), smoking [ 13 ], and consumption of caffeinated beverages [ 13 ]. Health outcomes such as mental and psychological health status, anxiety [ 2 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 22 ], depression [ 2 , 16 , 22 , 25 , 26 ], as well as chronic health conditions [ 2 , 10 , 14 , 26 , 27 , 28 ] including sleep apnea [ 29 , 30 ], kidney disease [ …”