Insomnia, Alcohol Consumption and ADHD Symptoms in Adults

Abstract

Introduction: Substance use disorders and insomnia are common in the general population, and particularly among adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here we investigated the relationship between insomnia, alcohol consumption and ADHD symptoms.Methods: Adults with an ADHD diagnosis (n = 235, 41.3% males) and controls (n = 184, 38% males) completed a questionnaire assessing insomnia (Bergen Insomnia Scale), alcohol consumption (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), and current ADHD symptoms (Adult ADHD Self-report Scale). The majority of the sample (95%) gave additional information about childhood ADHD symptoms (Wender Utah Rating Scale), and information about lifetime occurrence of an internalizing disorder was included as part of background information.Results: Compared to controls, the ADHD group reported a higher frequency of insomnia, a higher quantity of consumed alcohol and a higher frequency of internalizing disorders. Current and childhood ADHD symptoms were more severe in those with than without insomnia. Scores on ADHD symptom scales were explained by the presence of insomnia and internalizing disorders, while the contribution from alcohol consumption was restricted to the control group. Discussion: The high functional impact of insomnia, alcohol misuse and internalizing disorders is well known. The present study contributed by focusing on their relations to ADHD symptoms, and by showing that strong relations were not restricted to adults with a clinical ADHD diagnosis. By this, the results put a critical light on a categorical delineation between adults with an ADHD diagnosis and population selected controls, and call for further studies including dimensional metrics of ADHD symptoms and cooccurring problems.

Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: a bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study

“…For example, a meta-analysis of thirteen cohort studies indicated that insomnia was associated with an increased risk of depression, anxiety and psychosis (Hertenstein et al ., 2019). Other longitudinal studies also reported that insomnia was strongly associated with future onset of ADHD (Liu et al ., 2020), BD (Lundervold et al ., 2020), PTSD (Neylan, 2013), MDD (Neylan, 2013), OCD (Alvaro et al ., 2017) and SCZ (Chung et al ., 2015). For chronotype, several cross-sectional studies suggested positive correlations of evening chronotype with MDD, BD, PTSD and SCZ (Kitamura et al ., 2010; Levandovski et al ., 2011).…”

“…Another study also reported that a polygenic risk score accounting for 1.4% of the phenotypic variance in sleep duration was associated with the risk of depression (Dashti et al ., 2019). For insomnia, some cohort studies have suggested positive associations of insomnia with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Liu et al ., 2020), BD (Lundervold et al ., 2020), PTSD (Neylan, 2013), MDD (Ohayon and Roth, 2003), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (Alvaro et al ., 2017) and SCZ (Chung et al ., 2018). These associations between sleep-associated traits and psychiatric disorders may be to some extent affected by confounding or selection biases inherent in conventional observational studies.…”

Investigating causal relationships between genetically determined increased risk of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and atopic dermatitis (AD): A Mendelian randomization analysis

“…For ADHD, confounders such as body mass index, schizophrenia, alcohol consumption and other psychological symptoms (miserableness, neuroticism and frustration) were considered. [40][41][42] (Table S6).…”

Опитувальники Як Основні Інструменти В Діагностиці Розладів Сну

“…Опитувальник BSAS використали G. D'Ettorre, V. Pellicani, A. Caroli, M. Greco (2020) для оцінки розладів сну в медсестер, які працюють позмінно [12]. A. J. Lundervold, D. A. Jensen, J. Haavik (2020) вивчали розлади сну в дорослих осіб з алкогольною залежністю [13]. I. S. Olufsen, M. E. Sørensen, B. Bjorvatn (2020) проводили дослідження серед пацієнтів із порушеннями сну, тривожністю та депресією [14].…”