Insoluble Dietary Fiber from Pear Pomace Can Prevent High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats Mainly by Improving the Structure of the Gut Microbiota

Abstract

Supplement of dietary fibers (DF) is regarded as one of the most effective way to prevent and relieve chronic diseases caused by long-term intake of a high-fat diet in the current society. The health benefits of soluble dietary fibers (SDF) have been widely researched and applied, whereas the insoluble dietary fibers (IDF), which represent a higher proportion in plant food, were mistakenly thought to have effects only in fecal bulking. In this article, we proved the anti-obesity and glucose homeostasis improvement effects of IDF from pear pomace at first, and then the mechanisms responsible for these effects were analyzed. The preliminary study by real-time PCR and ELISA showed that this kind of IDF caused more changes in the gut microbiota compared with in satiety hormone or in hepatic metabolism. Further analysis of the gut microbiota by high-throughput amplicon sequencing showed IDF from pear pomace obviously improved the structure of the gut microbiota. Specifically, it promoted the growth of Bacteroidetes and inhibited the growth of Firmicutes. These results are coincident with previous hypothesis that the ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes is negatively related with obesity. In conclusion, our results demonstrated IDF from pear pomace could prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats mainly by improving the structure of the gut microbiota.

Hypolipidemic and Hepatoprotective Effects of High-Polydextrose Snack Food on Swiss Albino Mice

“…Supplementation with the high-fat and fiber diet obviously showed smaller adipocyte size in the liver tissue. Similar results are reported when insoluble dietary fiber from pear pomace is used in high-fat diet for rats [17].…”

“…Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is referred as bad cholesterol since it can deliver fat molecules to artery walls, which attracts macrophages and thus drives atherosclerosis. Likewise, high-fat diet is demonstrated to increase the total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content in the body [17]. As expected, the total cholesterol and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in the serum of the high-fat diet group were 1.3 and 2.0 times, respectively, higher than those of the high-fat and fiber diet group (Table 4).…”

Effect of the particle size of pear pomace on the quality of enriched layer and sponge cakes

“…() also tried ethanolic extracts from PP to improve the sensibility to insulin in vitro , and in vivo with animal models that were fed with a diet with high lipid content. It was also found that the insoluble dietary fibre extracted from PP can improve gut microbiota, thus preventing obesity in rats fed with high lipid diets (Chang et al ., ).…”

Inclusion of Soluble Fiber in the Gestation Diet Changes the Gut Microbiota, Affects Plasma Propionate and Odd-Chain Fatty Acids Levels, and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Sows

“…Therefore, the gut microbiota may be an important regulatory target for improving maternal metabolic health. Although dietary SF has been demonstrated to effectively regulate the gut microbiota structure of non-pregnant individuals [31,32], the impact of dietary SF on gut microbiota in pregnant sows is still largely unclear.…”