Insole-Pressure Distribution for Normal Children in Different Age Groups

Liu, Xuecheng; Lyon, Richard H.; Thometz, John; Brian, Curtin; Tarima, Serge; Tassone, Channing

doi:10.1097/bpo.0b013e31822108ee

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Since the children' feet have different characteristic properties in structure and function compared to feet of adults, their plantar pressure distribution values is considered to vary from those of adults 11 . Liu et al found no gender differences between plantar pressure values of healthy children aged between 6 and 16 years by insole measurements 12 . Phethean et al supported the findings of the previous study by indicating no significant differences in plantar pressure between genders in 4–7 year old children 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…It is also important to note that static and dynamic foot functions change differently during growth and maturation. Although assessment of foot pressure distribution provides important clinical information about foot functions, plantar pressure studies in early adolescence are rare 12, 16. The purpose of the study was to examine the possible differences in plantar pressure distributions between male and female adolescents in the ages of 11–14 during walking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender and age impact on plantar pressure distribution in early adolescence

Demırbüken

Özgül

Timurtaş

et al. 2019

Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica

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Objective The aim of the study was to investigate gender and age effect on dynamic plantar pressure distribution in early adolescence. Methods A total of 524 adolescents (211 women and 313 men; mean age: 12.58 ± 1.11 years (range: 11–14 years)) participated in pedobarographic measurements during gait at self-selected speed. Data of peak pressure (PP), maximum force (MaxF-Newton), body weight corrected maximum force (BW_MaxF), contact area (CA-cm 2 ) were analyzed for total foot and four plantar regions (hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot and toes). Results Higher toes PP was found in the ages of 12–14 years in females compared to males (253.79 ± 104.93 vs 216.00 ± 81.12 for the age of 12, p = 0.011, 264.40 ± 65.02 vs 227.21 ± 83.4 for the age of 13, p = 0.044, 299.75 ± 140.60 vs 238.75 ± 103.32 for the age of 14, p = 0.005). Females' higher MaxF especially for toes (136.24 ± 48.54 vs 115.33 ± 46.03, p = 0.008) and smaller CA especially for forefoot (50.12 ± 5.79 vs 54.4893 ± 6.80, p = 0.001) were considerable in the late of early adolescence. Forefoot (305.66 ± 82.14 females p = 0.001, 281.35 ± 79.59 males p < 0.001) and total foot PP (374.08 ± 113.93 females, p = 0.035, 338.61 ± 85.85 males p = 0.009) at the age of 14 was significantly higher than in younger ages in both gender groups. Conclusion The results indicate that especially the age of 14 years in early adolescence is a critical age for alteration in plantar pressure distribution. Interestingly females tended to increase their toe and forefoot plantar pressures compared to males by increasing age. We suggest that gender and age impact on toes plantar pressure alterations in early adolescence may be a possible risk factor for further foot impairments. Level of Evidence Level III, Diagnostic Study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and age impact on plantar pressure distribution in early adolescence

Demırbüken

Özgül

Timurtaş

et al. 2019

Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Lui et al 29 did not report any differences between gender and foot loads in the group of healthy individuals (age range 6-16 years). Similar conclusions were drawn by Phethean and Nester 30 in their study of 98 healthy children, aged 4-7 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Body weight-dependent foot loads, assessed in terms of BMI and adiposity, in school-aged children: a cross sectional study

Szczepanowska-Wołowiec

Sztandera

Kotela

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Whereas inherently vulnerable structure of both a child's and an adolescent's foot, characteristic for its dynamic, developmental stage, is particularly exposed to numerous environmental factors, excessive body weight gain may potentially become a crucial causal factor, bringing on a cascade of adverse effects throughout the body, e.g. disorders of the skeletal-articular system, gait alterations, abnormally excessive loading of the plantar zones of the foot, and consequently serious postural defects, especially in later life. Since obesity, aptly dubbed the scourge of the 21st c., directly impacts the way the foot biomechanics are developed, whereupon the actual paradigm of foot loading becomes subject to numerous, adverse modifications, the present study focused on gaining an in-depth insight into prevalent association of BMi, adipose tissue content in body composition, and the actual distribution of foot loads in the school-aged children. Since body weight, the simplest anthropometric indicator, is actually non-indicative of the proportion of adipose tissue within body composition, a number of modern, non-invasive diagnostic methods were applied by the investigators to have this deficit effectively addressed, inclusive of comprehensively mapping out the actual load distribution in the plantar zones of the foot. The World Health Organization (WHO) acknowledges obesity to be the most common metabolic disease, aptly dubbing it a global scourge of the 21st c. This metabolic phenomenon has also affected children and teenagers. The number of overweight and obese cases in the youngsters aged 5-19 years increased from 4% in 1975 to over 18% in 2016. Obesity is a natural consequence of an imbalance between energy supply and its expenditure. Excessive dietary intake, usually combined with low physical activity, appreciably contribute to an increased weight gain through boosting the proportion of adipose tissue within the body composition 1-3. Excessive body weight appreciably contributes to abnormal motor development, agility, and overall coordination of movements, as well as adversely affects the development of the skeletal-articular system, which may consequently result in postural defects. Last but not least, excessive body weight may also be a crucial causal factor in various abnormalities encountered in the feet, i.e. abnormal foot loads 4-6. There are many studies corroborating detrimental effect of increased body weight on foot loads and attendant deformities 4-6. Numerous reports imply that overweight and obesity may well be instrumental in developing flat-footedness 7,8 , even though there are also studies which call this particular assertion into question 9. Cousins et al. 10 , while examining overweight and obese children observed that these children put more load on the metatarsal, in particular onto 2-5 metatarsal bones, than their peers with normal body weight. On the other hand, Buldt et al. 11 having conducted studies of adults with normal, flat, and cavus foot (i.e. a foot of high medial longitudinal arc...

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“…Pediatric flatfoot appears during the first years of life but persists in only 3% of the adult population [ 5 ]. The pediatric flatfoot patient may have different pressure distribution and radiographic patterns as a result of immature gait and incomplete ossification of the feet compared to those of adults [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Foot Posture Index With Plantar Pressure and Radiographic Measurements in Pediatric Flatfoot

et al. 2015

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ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between the Foot Posture Index (FPI) (including talar head palpation, curvature at the lateral malleoli, inversion/eversion of the calcaneus, talonavicular bulging, congruence of the medical longitudinal arch, and abduction/adduction of the forefoot on the rare foot), plantar pressure distribution, and pediatric flatfoot radiographic findings.MethodsNineteen children with flatfoot (age, 9.32±2.67 years) were included as the study group. Eight segments of plantar pressure were measured with the GaitView platform pressure pad and the FPI was measured in children. The four angles were measured on foot radiographs. We analyzed the correlation between the FPI, plantar pressure characteristics, and the radiographic angles in children with flatfoot.ResultsThe ratio of hallux segment pressure and the second through fifth toe segment pressure was correlated with the FPI (r=0.385, p=0.017). The FPI was correlated with the lateral talo-first metatarsal angle (r=0.422, p=0.008) and calcaneal pitch (r=-0.411, p=0.01).ConclusionOur results show a correlation between the FPI and plantar pressure. The FPI and pediatric flatfoot radiography are useful tools to evaluate pediatric flatfoot.

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Insole-Pressure Distribution for Normal Children in Different Age Groups

Abstract: This normative data will provide a basis with which to more accurately assess pediatric pathologic foot deformities and to distinguish dynamic foot deformities from anatomic foot deformities. THE LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II.

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Gender and age impact on plantar pressure distribution in early adolescence

Gender and age impact on plantar pressure distribution in early adolescence

Body weight-dependent foot loads, assessed in terms of BMI and adiposity, in school-aged children: a cross sectional study

Correlation of Foot Posture Index With Plantar Pressure and Radiographic Measurements in Pediatric Flatfoot

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