Insights on the interaction between sodium dodecyl sulfate and partially hydrolyzed microblock hydrophobically associating polyacrylamides in different polymer concentration regimes

For the first time, by using precipitation polymerization in an aqueous solution, a cross-linked poly(acrylic acid)—(pAA) nanogel was synthesized. pAA was synthesized and cross-linked with N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) at 70°C in an acidified environment (pH 2) and containing 0.7 M NaCl using potassium persulfate as the initiator. Ionized pAA was soluble in water. The use of sodium chloride at low pH caused a decrease in the solubility of pAA and led to its precipitation and formation of cross-linked pAA nanogel. By using electron microscopies and light scattering techniques, the morphology, pH sensitivity and zeta potential of the obtained p(AA-BIS) nanogel were evaluated. The polymerization in an aqueous environment resulted in a very big swelling/shrinking coefficient (of approx. 4000) in response to pH and exhibited an unusually high negative zeta potential (of approx. −130 mV). These properties make the nanogel a very interesting sorbent and a construction material.

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“…−130 mV at pH higher than pK a ). The reported values in the literature are much less negative [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Synthesis of cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) nanogels in an aqueous environment using precipitation polymerization: unusually high volume change

2019

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“…The characteristic parameters of the polymer are listed in Table . Some properties of the HAPAM polymer that were either directly obtained from the company or synthesized in various laboratories have been published. ,,,− The effect of temperature on the HAPAM solution and the determination of the polymer overlap concentration ( c *) are shown in the Supporting Information (see Figures SI.1 and SI.2). The HAPAM polymer was further purified by dialysis against deionized water for one week using a dialysis membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 14 000 g/mol.…”

Section: Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The polymer polyacrylamide (PAM) that has been widely used for oil displacement is very sensitive to salinity and hardness, too. ,− In the practice of chemical flooding, PAM or partially hydrolyzed PAM might precipitate or degrade in reservoirs with very high temperature and salinity . As a derivative from PAM, HAPAM has been reported to possess salt-tolerant and heat-resistant characteristics and to improve the thickening capability of PAM. ,, The interactions between HAPAM and various surfactants have been widely investigated by different experimental approaches, such as calorimetry, − rheology, ,,− IFT, ,− ,− electron microscopy, ,,, fluorescence, ,,,,, and surface tension . In terms of SP flooding, Liu et al investigated the solution properties and phase behavior of a flooding system containing HAPAM, a nonionic surfactant, and a cosolvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 As a derivative from PAM, HAPAM has been reported to possess salt-tolerant and heat-resistant characteristics and to improve the thickening capability of PAM. 4,27,28 The interactions between HAPAM and various surfactants have been widely investigated by different experimental approaches, such as calorimetry, 29−31 rheology, 11,14,32−43 IFT, 14,34−36,41−44 electron microscopy, 35,36,39,46 fluorescence, 29,31,32,39,43,47 and surface tension. 48 In terms of SP flooding, Liu et al 35 investigated the solution properties and phase behavior of a flooding system containing HAPAM, a nonionic surfactant, and a cosolvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergistic Effects between Different Types of Surfactants and an Associating Polymer on Surfactant–Polymer Flooding under High-Temperature and High-Salinity Conditions

Chen¹,

Han

AlSofi

2021

Energy Fuels

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The synergistic effects of surfactant–polymer (SP) flooding under high-temperature and high-salinity (HTHS) conditions were investigated for a hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide (HAPAM) mixed with different types of surfactants. The hydrophobic group of the polymer is positively charged. All surfactants contain 12 carbons at the hydrophobic chain. The list of surfactants included a cationic surfactant (DTAB: dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide), an anionic surfactant (SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate) and a nonionic surfactant (DDG: dodecyl glucopyranoside). The physical properties of various SP solutions, prepared in high-salinity water, were evaluated using formulations composed of 0.2 g/L polymer and different concentrations of surfactants. Upon the addition of surfactants, the zero-shear viscosity (η0) of the polymer solution was found to peak at ∼0.15 g/L (0.4 mM) of surfactant for the HAPAM/SDS and HAPAM/DDG solutions. However, the HAPAM/DTAB solution did not show a viscosity maximum with increases in surfactant concentration due to the electrostatic repulsion between the hydrophobic units of the polymer and DTAB. At a representative reservoir temperature of 90 °C, the η0 value of the HAPAM/SDS solution is significantly higher than that of other SP solutions when η0 peaks, indicating that more HAPAM polymer chains are connected at a high temperature via the electrostatic attraction between hydrophobic pendants of the polymer and SDS. The interfacial tension (IFT) results demonstrate an SP synergistic effect on the IFT reduction with the HAPAM/SDS and HAPAM/DTAB solutions at 90 °C, while no such effect was observed for the HAPAM/DDG solution, suggesting that the arrangement of DDG molecules at the oil–water interface is not altered by the polymer. At 90 °C and a surfactant concentration of 0.4 g/L, the HAPAM/SDS solution exhibits the highest viscosity along a sufficiently low IFT. Subsequent micromodel experiments indicated that the volumetric sweep efficiency was significantly enhanced by HAPAM/SDS flooding. The efficiency of oil production with the HAPAM/SDS formulation in the secondary recovery mode was higher than with other SP systems. This study probes the synergistic interactions in SP slugs at a molecular level under HTHS reservoir conditions to reveal their potential effects and correlation to the effectiveness of oil production enhancement.

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“…Polymer flooding has been proven to be an efficient EOR method to increase oil production and reduce the water cut by various mechanisms [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], including controlling the mobility ratio of water and oil, improving the viscoelasticity of water, and improving sweep efficiency. The polymer flooding method has been applied in many fields across the world, both onshore and offshore.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Oil Recovery in Low-Permeability Reservoirs Using a Low-Molecular Weight Amphiphilic Polymer

Yang,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Polymer flooding has achieved considerable success in medium–high permeability reservoirs. However, when it comes to low-permeability reservoirs, polymer flooding suffers from poor injectivity due to the large molecular size of the commonly used high-molecular-weight (high-MW) partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPAM). Herein, an amphiphilic polymer (LMWAP) with a low MW (3.9 × 106 g/mol) was synthesized by introducing an amphiphilic monomer (Allyl-OP-10) and a chain transfer agent into the polymerization reaction. Despite the low MW, LMWAP exhibited better thickening capability in brine than its counterparts HPAM-1800 (MW = 1.8 × 107 g/mol) and HPAM-800 (MW = 8 × 106 g/mol) due to the intermolecular hydrophobic association. LMWAP also exhibited more significant shear-thinning behavior and stronger elasticity than the two counterparts. Furthermore, LMWAP possesses favorable oil–water interfacial activity due to its amphiphilicity. The oil–water interfacial tension (IFT) could be reduced to 0.88 mN/m and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions could be formed under the effect of LMWAP. In addition, the reversible hydrophobic association endows the molecular chains of LMWAP with dynamic association–disassociation transition ability. Therefore, despite the similar hydrodynamic sizes in brine, LMWAP exhibited favorable injectivity under low-permeability conditions, while the counterpart HPAM-1800 led to fatal plugging. Furthermore, LMWAP could enhance oil recovery up to 21.5%, while the counterpart HPAM-800 could only enhance oil recovery by up to 11.5%, which could be attributed to the favorable interfacial activity of LMWAP.

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Insights on the interaction between sodium dodecyl sulfate and partially hydrolyzed microblock hydrophobically associating polyacrylamides in different polymer concentration regimes

Cited by 28 publications

References 69 publications

Synthesis of cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) nanogels in an aqueous environment using precipitation polymerization: unusually high volume change

Synthesis of cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) nanogels in an aqueous environment using precipitation polymerization: unusually high volume change

Synergistic Effects between Different Types of Surfactants and an Associating Polymer on Surfactant–Polymer Flooding under High-Temperature and High-Salinity Conditions

Enhancing Oil Recovery in Low-Permeability Reservoirs Using a Low-Molecular Weight Amphiphilic Polymer

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