Insights on the Formation Mechanism of Ultra-Low Friction of Phenolic Resin Graphite at High Temperature

Zhang, Fan; Yin, Peng; Zeng, Qunfeng; Wang, Jianmei

doi:10.3390/coatings12010006

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The peaks at about 530.3, 531.0, 531.8, 532.3, and 533.0 eV are attributed to the chemical bonds of Fe-O, C=O, -OH, C-O, and N-O, respectively [ 15 ]. The decreased peak areas of N-O and C-O after heat treatment might be because of the cross-linking of prepolymers and the loss of H 2 O and other micromolecules at the same time [ 28 , 29 ]. The weak peaks of N1s of the worn surfaces are identified as C-N and B-N at 401.3 and 398.7 eV, respectively (see Figure 11 c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preparation and Wear Behaviors of Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin/BN Composite Coatings

et al. 2022

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Phenolic-matrix composites possess excellent synergistic effects on mechanical and tribological properties and can be used in the aerospace, medical, and automobile industries. In this work, a series of phenol–formaldehyde resin/hexagonal boron nitride nanocomposites (PF/BNs) were in situ synthesized using an easy method. PF/BN coatings (PF/BNCs) on 316L steels were prepared through a spin-casting method. The wear behaviors of these PF/BNCs were investigated by dry sliding with steel balls. The percentage of BN, the thickness of the coating, and the heat treatment temperature affected the coefficients of friction (COFs) and wear rates of these coatings. After heat treatment at 100 °C, the tribological properties of the PF/BNCs were remarkably improved, which might be attributed to both the transformation of carbon on the worn surfaces from C-O/C=O into C=N, carbide, and other chemical bonds and the cross-linking of the prepolymers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preparation and Wear Behaviors of Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin/BN Composite Coatings

et al. 2022

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“…As an ideal sealing material, graphite has self-lubricating properties, high thermal conductivity, excellent chemical stability, and corrosion resistance. Zhang et al [85] investigated the tribological properties of phenolic resin graphite and a WC-Ni alloy friction pair at different temperatures, and found that the PRG material can achieve ultra-low friction coefficients ranging from 0.01 to 0.015 at 200, 300,and 400 • C, and that the formed graphite friction films interact with each other to form stable friction behaviors and achieve ultra-low friction. It is worth noting that at high temperatures, the oxidation resistance of graphite in atmospheric conditions is relatively poor, and oxidized abrasive particles will change the friction and wear characteristics of graphite.…”

Section: High-temperature Superlubricitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Recent Advances in Superlubricity Research

Zeng,

Zhang

2023

Coatings

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Friction and the wear caused by friction will not only lead to energy dissipation, but will also cause damage to the function of mechanical parts, affecting the precision and lifespan of mechanical devices. Superlubricity as an ideal state of zero friction has become a hot research topic in recent years. There have been many reviews on the concept, origin, and research progress of superlubricity, but, among them, there are more presentations on the research status of solid superlubricity and liquid superlubricity; however, the theoretical summarization of solid–liquid combined superlubricity and high-temperature superlubricity is still imperfect and lacks a systematic and comprehensive review. The mechanism of superlubricity is not explicitly presented in many reviews, which are clearly summarized in this paper. This paper introduces superlubricity from friction, and then introduces the origin of superlubricity, and presents the research progress on superlubricityby separating it into in four categories: liquid superlubricity, solid superlubricity, solid–liquid combined superlubricity, and high-temperature superlubricity. By analyzing the superlubricity system, the mechanism of realizing various types of superlubricity, such as incommensurability, hydration, and oxidation, is summarized. Based on the research progress of superlubricity, the development prospects, opportunities, and challenges of superlubricity in the future are discussed.

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“…Among them, impregnated graphite materials have received wide attention because of the relatively simple and stable technical processes. Through the filling of the impregnation materials, such as metal antimony, furan resin, and phenolic resin [18][19][20], the porosity inside the graphite matrix diminishes and the mechanical strength is enhanced accordingly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation on frictional performance of three different oil-lubricated impregnated graphite seal rings for aircraft integrated drive generators

Qi,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Mater. Res. Express

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The frictional performance of the shaft-end graphite seal rings plays a critical role in determining the maintenance-free duration of aircraft integrated drive generators, and significantly depends on the types of graphite materials used. In this study, three types of graphite materials, including epoxy resin, metal antimony and furan resin impregnated ones, were selected for evaluation using a rotating-type tribometer. The frictional test configuration involved an actual graphite seal ring sliding against the surface of a 12Cr2Ni4A disc under the lubrication of 4050 high-temperature synthetic aerospace lubricating oil, which was highly consistent with the practical operational conditions. The frictional performance of the three different impregnated graphite seal rings, including coefficient of friction, two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) morphologies of wear marks and wear rate of ring mass, were quantitatively analyzed and compared. The experimental results indicated that the metal antimony-impregnated graphite seal ring behaved with the smallest coefficient of friction among the three seal rings. 2D and 3D surface roughness parameters of the metal antimony impregnated graphite seal are the smallest. The wear rate of the seal ring’s mass is only approximately 22% of that of furan resin impregnated seal ring. The corresponding investigations demonstrated that the currently employed epoxy resin-impregnated graphite seal rings could be replaced by new candidates with better frictional performance to improve the service life.

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Insights on the Formation Mechanism of Ultra-Low Friction of Phenolic Resin Graphite at High Temperature

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

The Preparation and Wear Behaviors of Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin/BN Composite Coatings

The Preparation and Wear Behaviors of Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin/BN Composite Coatings

A Systematic Review of the Recent Advances in Superlubricity Research

Evaluation on frictional performance of three different oil-lubricated impregnated graphite seal rings for aircraft integrated drive generators

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