Insights on the current status and advancement of diabetes mellitus type 2 and to avert complications: An overview

Chung, Ill‐Min; Rajakumar, Govindasamy; Umadevi, S.; Venkidasamy, Baskar; Khanna, Venkatesan Gopiesh; Thiruvengadam, Muthu

doi:10.1002/bab.1853

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) comprises 90% of patients with diabetes and is caused by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, including insulin resistance, excess body weight and physical inactivity [ 1 , 2 ]. Currently, there are about 463 million of T2D patients worldwide and the disease causes 4.2 million of deaths annually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Translational In Vivo and In Vitro Metabolomic Study Reveals Altered Metabolic Pathways in Red Blood Cells of Type 2 Diabetes

Palomino‐Schätzlein

Lamas-Domingo

Ciudin

et al. 2020

JCM

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Clinical parameters used in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) diagnosis and monitoring such as glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) are often unable to capture important information related to diabetic control and chronic complications. In order to search for additional biomarkers, we performed a pilot study comparing T2D patients with healthy controls matched by age, gender, and weight. By using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomics profiling of red blood cells (RBCs), we found that the metabolic signature of RBCs in T2D subjects differed significantly from non-diabetic controls. Affected metabolites included glutathione, 2,3-bisphophoglycerate, inosinic acid, lactate, 6-phosphogluconate, creatine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and several amino acids such as leucine, glycine, alanine, lysine, aspartate, phenylalanine and tyrosine. These results were validated by an independent cohort of T2D and control patients. An analysis of the pathways in which these metabolites were involved showed that energetic and redox metabolism in RBCs were altered in T2D, as well as metabolites transported by RBCs. Taken together, our results revealed that the metabolic profile of RBCs can discriminate healthy controls from T2D patients. Further research is needed to determine whether metabolic fingerprint in RBC could be useful to complement the information obtained from HbA1c and glycemic variability as well as its potential role in the diabetes management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Translational In Vivo and In Vitro Metabolomic Study Reveals Altered Metabolic Pathways in Red Blood Cells of Type 2 Diabetes

Palomino‐Schätzlein

Lamas-Domingo

Ciudin

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disease caused by polygenic inheritance and environmental interactions, which characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and hyperglycemia [ 10 – 13 ]. It is well known that insulin resistance and islet beta cell dysfunction are the pathophysiological mechanisms of T2D [ 14 , 15 ]. Recent studies showed that serum ADA levels and its isoenzymes are significantly higher in patients with T2D than in healthy controls [ 1 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse relationship between serum adenosine deaminase levels and islet beta cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes

Cao

Wang

et al. 2021

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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Objective Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease, which characterized by islet beta cell dysfunction. Serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an important enzyme that regulates the biological activity of insulin, and its levels are greatly increased in inflammatory diseases with insulin resistance. The present study was designed to explore the relationship between serum ADA levels and islet beta cell function in patients with T2D. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 1573 patients with T2D from the Endocrinology Department of the Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University between 2015 and 2018. All participants were received serum ADA test and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Insulin sensitivity index (assessed by Matsuda index using C-peptide, ISIM-cp), insulin secretion index (assessed by ratio of area under the C-peptide curve to glucose curve, AUCcp/glu) and islet beta cell function (assessed by insulin secretion-sensitivity index 2 using C-peptide, ISSI2cp) were derived from OGTT. And other clinical parameters, such as HbA1c, were also collected. Results It was showed that HbA1c was significantly increased, while ISIM-cp, AUCcp/glu and ISSI2cp significantly decreased, across ascending quartiles of serum ADA levels. Moreover, serum ADA levels were negatively correlated with ISSI2cp (r = − 0.267, p < 0.001). Furthermore, after adjusting for other clinical parameters by multiple linear regression analysis, serum ADA levels were still independently associated with ISSI2cp (β = − 0.125, t = − 5.397, p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.459). Conclusions Serum ADA levels are independently associated with islet beta cell function in patients with T2D.

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“…DM affects millions of people and its prevalence is increasing day-by-day [2]. In developed countries, it is projected that about 87% to 91% of registered diabetic individuals have T2DM, 7% to 12% have T1DM, while 1% to 3% have other forms of DM [3,4]. New statistics from IDF 2019 reveal that approximately 463 million adults were living with diabetes by 2045 this will rise to 700 million.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In people of South Asian heritage, T2DM is up to six times more common, and the largest ethnic minority in the United Kingdom is people of South Asian (SA) ethnicity (of Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi descent) who in many metropolitan locations now constitute the dominant ethnic community [7]. The prevalence of diabetes in SA is 23 % which is very high compared to other ethnic groups in United Kingdom (UK) [4]. It has also been predicted that the South Asian subcontinent will be having the greatest burden of diabetes worldwide by 2030 [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Prevalence of Undiagnosed Diabetes in Urban Adult Indian Population than in South Asians Living in the United Kingdom

Selvarajan¹,

Rajbhandari²,

Kumar³

2021

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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a metabolic disorder with high levels of glucose due to absolute insulin deficiency or relative insulin deficiency (insulin resistance) affects about 20 percent of adults in South Asia (SA) in the United Kingdom (UK). This is similar to that of urban Indian population, where the incidence is about 15 percent. Despite this, there is a scarcity of data comparing SA with that of the Indian urban community in the UK. Objective: The aim of the present study was to study the prevalence and differences of undiagnosed diabetes and associated risk factors between the urban adult Indian populations living in Bangalore and in South Asians residing in the UK. Materials and Methods: The general publics above age of 30 (adult) were encouraged to come for general checkup including capillary blood glucose test during public health events held at various town halls in UK. In the UK, nearly 230 SA adults were screened at 3 separate events held in Preston, Bolton and London. While in Bangalore, at 4 events were held at mosques and the community centres and 412 adult subjects were tested. Subjects known to have diabetes (DM) were analyzed separately from those that were not known to have diabetes (non-DM. Clinical monitoring of anthropometric data and random levels of capillary blood glucose were analyzed. Results: We found that 14.6 % and 42.7% of subjects had previously documented diabetes in the UK and India, respectively (P<0.001). No characteristic differences in age and BMI were found between the subjects of SA in the UK and those in India. In Bangalore, more men (69%) attended screening programme compared to the UK (14.6 percent). Of people without history of diabetes 30.1% of Indians in urban Bangalore had elevated blood sugar in comparison to SA in the UK (10.8%). Conclusion:There is an urgent need to perform screening of adult population for diabetes in urban India, where almost 20% people have impaired glucose tolerance.

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Insights on the current status and advancement of diabetes mellitus type 2 and to avert complications: An overview

Cited by 20 publications

References 89 publications

A Translational In Vivo and In Vitro Metabolomic Study Reveals Altered Metabolic Pathways in Red Blood Cells of Type 2 Diabetes

A Translational In Vivo and In Vitro Metabolomic Study Reveals Altered Metabolic Pathways in Red Blood Cells of Type 2 Diabetes

Inverse relationship between serum adenosine deaminase levels and islet beta cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes

Higher Prevalence of Undiagnosed Diabetes in Urban Adult Indian Population than in South Asians Living in the United Kingdom

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