Insights on the Advancements of In Silico Metabolic Studies of Succinic Acid Producing Microorganisms: A Review with Emphasis on Actinobacillus succinogenes

Abstract

Succinic acid (SA) is one of the top candidate value-added chemicals that can be produced from biomass via microbial fermentation. A considerable number of cell factories have been proposed in the past two decades as native as well as non-native SA producers. Actinobacillus succinogenes is among the best and earliest known natural SA producers. However, its industrial application has not yet been realized due to various underlying challenges. Previous studies revealed that the optimization of environmental conditions alone could not entirely resolve these critical problems. On the other hand, microbial in silico metabolic modeling approaches have lately been the center of attention and have been applied for the efficient production of valuable commodities including SA. Then again, literature survey results indicated the absence of up-to-date reviews assessing this issue, specifically concerning SA production. Hence, this review was designed to discuss accomplishments and future perspectives of in silico studies on the metabolic capabilities of SA producers. Herein, research progress on SA and A. succinogenes, pathways involved in SA production, metabolic models of SA-producing microorganisms, and status, limitations and prospects on in silico studies of A. succinogenes were elaborated. All in all, this review is believed to provide insights to understand the current scenario and to develop efficient mathematical models for designing robust SA-producing microbial strains.

Physiological and transcriptomic analyses revealed the change of main flavor substance of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii under salt treatment

“…Accordingly, we speculate that the content of glucose would be decreased under salt treatment, which need to be confirmed by experiment. Succinic acid is used as a dietary supplement for symptoms related to menopause such as hot flashes and irritability and also used as a flavoring agent for food and beverages ( 46 ). The FDA has granted succinic acid with the GRAS status (Generally Recognized as Safe Substance).…”

Study on the Operational Modes Using Both Growing and Resting Cells for Succinic Acid Production from Xylose Kinetic Modelling

“…Subsequently, the bacterium incorporates the final product of glycolysis, phosphoenolpyruvate, into the tricarboxylic acid cycle, as shown in Figure 1. This occurs under anaerobic conditions and is facilitated by CO2 insufflation, resulting in the production of a substantial amount of succinic acid (SA) [5,6]. According to the US Department of Energy (US DOE), SA is one of the main chemical platforms due to its potential to produce a great diversity of chemicals traditionally produced from fossil sources [7].…”