Insights into the water status in hydrous minerals using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Ma, Yuanyuan; Huang, Haochong; Hao, Sibo; Qiu, Kun‐Feng; Gao, Hua; Tang, Weichong; Zhang, Zili; Zheng, Zhiyuan

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45739-2

Cited by 27 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These results indicated that the terahertz treatment might play a role in the toxicity of functional mineral water against mosquito vectors since the minerals in the functional water are transformed into electrically charged mesoscopic crystals by terahertz technology. These crystals might exhibit terahertz properties with wavelengths between 1 and 10 nm, splitting water molecules into hydrogen ions and hydroxide [ 18 ], which exert toxic effects toward mosquito vectors. However, this assumption needs to be further verified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the spectral transmittance of THz-TDS is performed from one shot of THz electromagnetic pulse (i.e., a wide bandwidth from 0.1 to 1.0 THz) [ 26 ], THz frequency-dependent information is reliable, and the corresponding uncertainty can be minimized in the measurement. The transmission of THz wave was calculated with Tr = ( P sample + cell )/ P cell ), where P sample + cell is the transmission of microcell loaded with terahertz-based functional mineral water, and P cell indicates the transmission of a void microcell [ 18 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the functional mineral water used in this study was produced by terahertz technology, whereby plant-derived minerals (such as calcium and magnesium) are transformed into electrically charged mesoscopic crystals. These crystals can exhibit terahertz properties with wavelengths between 1 and 10 nm, splitting water molecules into hydrogen ions and hydroxide [ 18 ]. Whether the radiation properties of terahertz-based functional mineral water related to its mosquitocidal activity also was addressed in these studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Toxicity of Terahertz-Based Functional Mineral Water (Plant-Derived) to Immature Stages of Mosquito Vectors

Kuo

Lin

Tsai

et al. 2021

Insects

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Functional mineral water and related products are popular in some Asian countries as health drinks and, recently, have been employed in agricultural crop production as well as pest control. This study aimed to investigate the survival of mosquito vectors exposed to plant-derived functional mineral water produced by terahertz technology. The terahertz-based functional mineral water used in the current study not only decreased the hatching of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) larvae but also showed concentration-dependent toxicity to the 3rd instar larvae and pupae of the three mosquito species tested. Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Cx. quinquefasciatus pupae were more susceptible to terahertz-based functional mineral water than the larval stage, as indicated by their lower LC50. Lower concentrations (<100 ppm) of terahertz-based functional mineral water were not lethal to the pupae; however, these low concentrations still resulted in a reduced adult emergence. Although terahertz-based functional mineral water did not significantly affect Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) hatching, it could potentially be used for vector control at the larvae and pupae stages. The larvicidal and pupicidal activity of diluted terahertz-based functional mineral water gradually diminished after 24 h, indicating that it is a biodegradable and eco-friendly bioinsecticide. However, as the terahertz-based functional mineral water is also toxic to larvivorous predatory-copepods, it should not be utilized in aquatic environments where predatory-based mosquito control programs are employed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Toxicity of Terahertz-Based Functional Mineral Water (Plant-Derived) to Immature Stages of Mosquito Vectors

Kuo

Lin

Tsai

et al. 2021

Insects

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“…Besides, numerous scientific publications have been devoted to the use of THz techniques for the detection and identification of materials in recent decades. THz–TDS has been employed as a major probing technique combining with traditional detecting methods to determine the water status incorporated in hydrous minerals [ 20 ]. The research of optical parameters of absorption coefficients and refractive index proved that THz–TDS was a promising technique in dehydration analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure Deep Learning for Intelligent Terahertz Metamaterial Identification

Liu

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Metamaterials, artificially engineered structures with extraordinary physical properties, offer multifaceted capabilities in interdisciplinary fields. To address the looming threat of stealthy monitoring, the detection and identification of metamaterials is the next research frontier but have not yet been explored. Here, we show that the crypto-oriented convolutional neural network (CNN) makes possible the secure intelligent detection of metamaterials in mixtures. Terahertz signals were encrypted by homomorphic encryption and the ciphertext was submitted to the CNN directly for results, which can only be decrypted by the data owner. The experimentally measured terahertz signals were augmented and further divided into training sets and test sets using 5-fold cross-validation. Experimental results illustrated that the model achieved an accuracy of 100% on the test sets, which highly outperformed humans and the traditional machine learning. The CNN took 9.6 s to inference on 92 encrypted test signals with homomorphic encryption backend. The proposed method with accuracy and security provides private preserving paradigm for artificial intelligence-based material identification.

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“…Additionally, due to the low photon energy of terahertz radiation, it is a good candidate for non-destructive test (NDT) applications. Based on these interesting features of terahertz wave, many types of research have been done in the field of terahertz spectroscopy [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Due to the special and safe interaction of THz wave with biomolecules, THz spectroscopy for biomedical applications has become a rapidly evolving research area [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Performance Analysis of Terahertz Spectroscopy Using an Ultra-Sensitive Resonance-Based Sensor

et al. 2020

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A terahertz sensor structure is proposed that can sense any variations in analyte permittivity. The sensor essentially works according to the shifts in the resonance frequencies of its propagated spoof surface plasmonic modes. The proposed structure shows great support for surface plasmon oscillations, which is proved by the calculated dispersion diagram. To achieve this in terahertz frequencies, a metamaterial structure is presented in the form of a structure with two-dimensional periodic elements. Afterward, it is shown that the performance of the sensor can be affected by different parameters such as metal stripe thickness, length of metal stripe, and width of metal stripe as the most influential parameters. Each of the parameters mentioned can directly influence on the electric field confinement in the metal structure as well as the strength of propagation modes. Therefore, two propagation modes are compared, and the stronger mode is chosen for sensing purposes. The primary results proved that the quality factors of the resonances are substantially dependent on certain physical parameters. To illustrate this, a numerical parametric sweep on the thickness of the metal stripe is performed, and the output shows that only for some specific dimensions the electromagnetic local field binds strongly with the metal part. In a similar way, a sweeping analysis is run to reveal the outcome of the variation in analyte permittivity. In this section, the sensor demonstrates an average sensitivity value, ∼1,550 GHz/Permittivity unit, for a permittivity range between 1 and 2.2, which includes the permittivity of many biological tissues in the terahertz spectrum. Following this, an analysis is presented, in the form of two contour plots, for two electrical parameters, maximum electric field and maximum surface current, based on 24 different paired values of metal thickness and metal width as the two most critical physical parameters. Using the plotted contour diagrams, which are estimated using the bi-harmonic fitting function, the best physical dimension for the maximum capability of the proposed sensor is achieved. As mentioned previously, the proposed sensor can be applied for biological sensing due to the simplicity of its fabrication and its performance.

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Insights into the water status in hydrous minerals using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Cited by 27 publications

References 36 publications

Toxicity of Terahertz-Based Functional Mineral Water (Plant-Derived) to Immature Stages of Mosquito Vectors

Toxicity of Terahertz-Based Functional Mineral Water (Plant-Derived) to Immature Stages of Mosquito Vectors

Secure Deep Learning for Intelligent Terahertz Metamaterial Identification

Numerical Performance Analysis of Terahertz Spectroscopy Using an Ultra-Sensitive Resonance-Based Sensor

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