Insights into the SAM Synthetase Gene Family and Its Roles in Tomato Seedlings under Abiotic Stresses and Hormone Treatments

Abstract

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is a key enzyme involved in many important biological processes, such as ethylene and polyamine biosynthesis, transmethylation, and transsulfuration. Here, the SAM synthetase (SAMS) gene family was studied in ten different plants (Arabidopsis, tomato, eggplant, sunflower, Medicago truncatula, soybean, rice, barley, Triticum urartu and sorghum) with respect to its physical structure, physicochemical characteristics, and post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications. Additionally, the expression patterns of SAMS genes in tomato were analyzed based on a real-time quantitative PCR assay and an analysis of a public expression dataset. SAMS genes of monocots were more conserved according to the results of a phylogenetic analysis and the prediction of phosphorylation and glycosylation patterns. SAMS genes showed differential expression in response to abiotic stresses and exogenous hormone treatments. Solyc01g101060 was especially expressed in fruit and root tissues, while Solyc09g008280 was expressed in leaves. Additionally, our results revealed that exogenous BR and ABA treatments strongly reduced the expression of tomato SAMS genes. Our research provides new insights and clues about the role of SAMS genes. In particular, these results can inform future functional analyses aimed at revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of SAMS genes in plants.

The AP2/ERF Gene Family in Triticum durum: Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis under Drought and Salinity Stresses

“…Various abiotic and biotic stresses, such as plant pathogens, drought, cold, heat, and salinity, have destructive effects on the growth and development of plant species. Plants employ complex regulatory pathways to address various stimuli, which include stress sensing, signal transduction, and regulation of stress-responsive genes and/or proteins eventually manifested at the cellular and physiological levels [1,2]. The modulation of gene expression in response to stresses is highly controlled by specific transcription factors (TFs), which simultaneously mediate the transcription of a vast number of downstream stress-responsive genes [3,4].…”

Phosphate transporter genes: genome-wide identification and characterization in Camelina sativa

“…Our findings revealed that PHTs in C. sativa with their orthologues in Arabidopsis and rice could be classified into seven different groups that PHTs in rice showed the high distance from studied dicot species. These results illustrate that probably PHT genes of dicot plants are derived from PHT genes of monocot species (Faraji et al, 2020;Heidari et al, 2020a).…”

“…In general, PHOs1 and their homologs were predicted with high potential N-glycosylation and phosphorylation sites. Post-translation modifications such as phosphorylation processes cause significant effects on protein activities and inducing cell signaling (Heidari et al, 2020a;Silva-Sanchez et al, 2015). The high phosphorylation potential of PHO1 proteins may indicate that these proteins are involved in various cellular processes under signal transduction pathways (Ahmadizadeh et al, 2020a).…”

TheGASAGene Family inTheobroma cacao: Genome wide Identification and Expression Analysis

“…We predicted phosphorylation sites in all tcGASA, ranging in number from 7 to 57. The phosphorylation of proteins is also vital for cell signaling, regulation of various protein mechanisms, and as a substrate for various kinases (Heidari et al, 2020; Nawaz et al, 2019; Silva-Sanchez et al, 2015). Hence, tcGASA may be a good target for various studies to elucidate their complete role.…”