Insights into the role of gut microbiota in obesity: pathogenesis, mechanisms, and therapeutic perspectives

Sun, Lu; Ma, Lanjing; Ma, Yubo; Zhang, Faming; Zhao, Changhai; Nie, Yongzhan

doi:10.1007/s13238-018-0546-3

Cited by 199 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Gut microbiota is closely associated with obesity, and several of the included studies reported changes in gut microbiota composition after obesity interventions, summarized in Table S11. Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio is positively associated with BMI and is higher in obesity, as Firmicutes is more effective in harvesting calories 101 . In one of the included studies, reduced Firmicutes abundance after RYGB was reported 65 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting bile acid metabolism in obesity reduction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Yeung

Schooling

et al. 2020

Obesity Reviews

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A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted of studies that address the association of bile acid (BA) with obesity and of studies on the effects of treatment in patients with obesity on BA metabolism, assessed from systemic BA, fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) level, and faecal BA. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to 1 August 2019 using the keywords obesity, obese, body mass index, and overweight with bile acid, FGF19, FXR, and TGR5. Two reviewers independently searched, selected, and assessed the quality of studies. Data were analysed using either fixed or random effect models with inverse variance weighting. Of 3771 articles, 33 papers were relevant for the association of BA with obesity of which 22 were included in the meta-analysis, and 50 papers were relevant for the effect of obesity interventions on BA of which 20 were included in the meta-analysis. Circulating fasting total BA was not associated with obesity. FGF19 was inversely and faecal BA excretion was positively associated with obesity. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) modulated BA metabolism, ie, increased BA and FGF19. Our results indicate that BA metabolism is altered in obesity. Certain bariatric surgeries including RYGB and SG modulate BA, whether these underlie the beneficial effect of the treatment should be investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting bile acid metabolism in obesity reduction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Yeung

Schooling

et al. 2020

Obesity Reviews

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“…Furthermore, gut microbiota also affects the energy harvest by activating carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) and sterol responsive element-binding protein (SREBP-1). In consequence, increased de novo lipogenesis is promoted in adipose tissue and liver [168]. The SCFAs are involved in lipid oxidation and energy expenditure also by their influence on the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in adipose tissue and skeletal muscles and regulation of peroxisome proliferator gene (PPAR).…”

Section: Role Of Scfas In Energy Harvestmentioning

confidence: 99%

You Are What You Eat—The Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders—A Review

2020

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The gut microbiota (GM) is defined as the community of microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses) colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. GM regulates various metabolic pathways in the host, including those involved in energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and bile acid metabolism. The relationship between alterations in intestinal microbiota and diseases associated with civilization is well documented. GM dysbiosis is involved in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and neurological disorders. Multiple factors modulate the composition of the microbiota and how it physically functions, but one of the major factors triggering GM establishment is diet. In this paper, we reviewed the current knowledge about the relationship between nutrition, gut microbiota, and host metabolic status. We described how macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fat) and different dietary patterns (e.g., Western-style diet, vegetarian diet, Mediterranean diet) interact with the composition and activity of GM, and how gut bacterial dysbiosis has an influence on metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.

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“…Interestingly, the gut microbiota is considerably altered in patients with obesity compared with normal controls, which is particularly applicable in terms of bacterial richness and function in patients with obesity‐related metabolic disorders and IR . Likewise, germ‐free mice initially show a marked resistance to HFD‐induced obesity and IR, regardless of increased food intake, and these obesity‐related phenotypes can be delivered through intestinal microbial transplantation . Another recent study found that a diet consisting of fewer dietary resistant starches could improve insulin sensitivity mainly through the regulation of bile acids and the ATM immune system rather than the gut microbiota .…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Related Metabolites In Atms And Obesity‐rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past decade, the gut microbiota has received extensive attention because of its involvement in the development of obesity‐related complications . This finding was initially observed in germ‐free mice that were fed with a high‐fat diet (HFD); these mice showed significantly lower body fat and did not develop IR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding was initially observed in germ‐free mice that were fed with a high‐fat diet (HFD); these mice showed significantly lower body fat and did not develop IR. It was recently suggested that altered gut microbiota causes intestinal barrier dysfunction and endotoxemia, thereby inducing inflammation via recruitment and activation of immune cells to further promote the development of obesity . In addition, some bacterial products, such as short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan (Trp) catabolites, play important roles in the pathophysiology of obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adipose Tissue Macrophage Phenotypes and Characteristics: The Key to Insulin Resistance in Obesity and Metabolic Disorders

Ota

Zhuge

et al. 2020

Obesity

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Insights into the role of gut microbiota in obesity: pathogenesis, mechanisms, and therapeutic perspectives

Cited by 199 publications

References 53 publications

Targeting bile acid metabolism in obesity reduction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Targeting bile acid metabolism in obesity reduction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

You Are What You Eat—The Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders—A Review

Adipose Tissue Macrophage Phenotypes and Characteristics: The Key to Insulin Resistance in Obesity and Metabolic Disorders

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