“…Unfortunately, these catalysts are gradually deactivated during the reaction because of the oxidation of the active phase, resulting in product contamination. , Therefore, it is indispensable to explore new and efficient HDO catalysts, such as noble metals, , metal nitrides, , metal carbides, , and transition metal phosphides. , Noble metals catalysts, including Pt, Ir, Ru, Pd, Pt–Pd, and Pd–Fe, have exhibited much better hydrogenation performance than other catalysts and hence are very promising for HDO of bio-oils. Zhang et al discovered that Pt/MgO had better catalytic activity than that of Ru/MgO and Pd/MgO in the HDO of DBF, whereas the selectivity to bicyclohexane (BCH) was very low owing to the weak acid of MgO. Plata et al also studied the reaction on the bimetallic Pt–Mo/SiO 2 and Pd–Mo/SiO 2 catalysts and found that the selectivity of oxygen-free products was improved.…”