Insights into the potential benefits of triphala polyphenols toward the promotion of resilience against stress-induced depression and cognitive impairment

Wang, Wenjun; Ige, Oladeji Oluremi; Ding, Yi; He, Mengshan; Pan, Long; Wang, Shaohui; Zhang, Yi; Wen, Xudong

doi:10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100527

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…The drug release profile was assessed by determining the total phenolic content in nanotriphala compared to the extract. Polyphenols, including flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, and glycosides, are considered the main bioactive compounds in Triphala [ 54 ]. Among these, several polyphenols in Triphala have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Lung Cell Inflammation by Triphala-Loaded Nanoparticle Targeting Spike Glycoprotein S1

Chittasupho,

Umsumarng,

Srisawad

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, poses a significant global health threat. The spike glycoprotein S1 of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is known to induce the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, contributing to hyperinflammation in COVID-19 patients. Triphala, an ancient Ayurvedic remedy composed of dried fruits from three plant species—Emblica officinalis (Family Euphorbiaceae), Terminalia bellerica (Family Combretaceae), and Terminalia chebula (Family Combretaceae)—shows promise in addressing inflammation. However, the limited water solubility of its ethanolic extract impedes its bioavailability. In this study, we aimed to develop nanoparticles loaded with Triphala extract, termed “nanotriphala”, as a drug delivery system. Additionally, we investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of nanotriphala and its major compounds, namely gallic acid, chebulagic acid, and chebulinic acid, in lung epithelial cells (A549) induced by CoV2-SP. The nanotriphala formulation was prepared using the solvent displacement method. The encapsulation efficiency of Triphala in nanotriphala was determined to be 87.96 ± 2.60% based on total phenolic content. In terms of in vitro release, nanotriphala exhibited a biphasic release profile with zero-order kinetics over 0–8 h. A549 cells were treated with nanotriphala or its active compounds and then induced with 100 ng/mL of spike S1 subunit (CoV2-SP). The results demonstrate that chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid are the active compounds in nanotriphala, which significantly reduced cytokine release (IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18) and suppressed the expression of inflammatory genes (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, and NLRP3) (p < 0.05). Mechanistically, nanotriphala and its active compounds notably attenuated the expression of inflammasome machinery proteins (NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the nanoparticle formulation of Triphala enhances its stability and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties against CoV2-SP-induction. This was achieved by suppressing inflammatory mediators and the NLRP3 inflammasome machinery. Thus, nanotriphala holds promise as a supportive preventive anti-inflammatory therapy for COVID-19-related chronic inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Lung Cell Inflammation by Triphala-Loaded Nanoparticle Targeting Spike Glycoprotein S1

Chittasupho,

Umsumarng,

Srisawad

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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“…Green tea can have up to 5% of EGC and EGCG content, whereas black tea has a lower total polyphenol content. Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated an inverse association between risks, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and psychological dysfunction, and the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods and beverages [3][4][5][6][7][8], and have been mentioned on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [9].…”

Section: Ivyspringmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adverse and beneficial effects of polyphenols in green and black teas in vitro and in vivo

Wu,

Liu,

Tsai

et al. 2023

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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Although numerous studies highlight the health benefits of tea, excessive consumption has been linked to toxic conditions. Thus, understanding the optimal consumption of tea is essential to minimize toxicity while maximizing its benefits. In this study, we investigated the effects of eight green tea samples (G1-G8) and eight black tea samples (R1-R8) from Camellia sinensis , the most popular teas in Asian culture, on RSC96 Schwann neural cells and embryonic cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells. The results showed that the IC 50 (mg/ml, weight/volume) of both tea types were inversely proportional to their polyphenol content, suggesting a relationship between toxicity and polyphenol levels in both green and black tea. Interestingly, green teas generally have higher polyphenol content than black teas. We also assessed the protective effects of tea in vitro by pretreating cells with the teas at indicated doses of polyphenol and subsequently exposing them to H 2 O 2 . Both tea types significantly reduced the decline in cell viability for both cell lines, and there was no significant difference in protective polyphenol concentrations for green (G3 & G7) and black (R3 & R8) teas at effective concentrations (EC20 and EC40). To evaluate the preventative effects of tea in vivo , we examined the impact of two green (G3 & G7) and two black (R3 & R8) teas with varying polyphenol content on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammatory colitis in mice. Tea-treated groups exhibited significantly lower inflammatory scores (DAI) than the control group. DSS treatment in the control group led to shortened colorectal lengths in mice, while tea co-treatment partially prevented this loss. Histological analysis revealed that G7 and R3 (with a moderate polyphenol content) treatment improved colorectal crypt structure, decreased the severity of inflammatory ulcerative colitis, and significantly reduced histological scores compared to the control group. However, G3 and R8 (with high and low doses of polyphenol content, respectively) did not show these effects, suggesting that a moderate polyphenol level in both tea types is optimal for preventative benefits.

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Protective and therapeutic role of Itrīfal (Unani dosage form) in neuro behavior, neurodegeneration, and immunomodulation: An appraisal

Ansari,

Ahmed,

Anwar

et al. 2024

Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative

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Insights into the potential benefits of triphala polyphenols toward the promotion of resilience against stress-induced depression and cognitive impairment

Cited by 7 publications

References 146 publications

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Lung Cell Inflammation by Triphala-Loaded Nanoparticle Targeting Spike Glycoprotein S1

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Lung Cell Inflammation by Triphala-Loaded Nanoparticle Targeting Spike Glycoprotein S1

The adverse and beneficial effects of polyphenols in green and black teas in vitro and in vivo

Protective and therapeutic role of Itrīfal (Unani dosage form) in neuro behavior, neurodegeneration, and immunomodulation: An appraisal

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