Insights into the possible impact of COVID-19 on the endocrine system

Abdel‐Moneim, Adel; Hosni, Ahmed

doi:10.1080/13813455.2021.1890131

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Furthermore, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 entails entry of SARS-CoV-2 via the respiratory system and lodgment in the lung parenchyma. Notably, the angiotensinconverting enzyme-2 receptor is the entry route of coronaviruses to the host cell, widely expressed in the endocrine organs, including testis, endocrine pancreas, thyroid, and adrenal, and pituitary glands [120]. Highlighting the importance of this system on the SARS-CoV-2 response.…”

Section: Endocrine System Sars-cov-2 and Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition in the Actual COVID-19 Pandemic. A Narrative Review

et al. 2021

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The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has shocked world health authorities generating a global health crisis. The present study discusses the main finding in nutrition sciences associated with COVID-19 in the literature. We conducted a consensus critical review using primary sources, scientific articles, and secondary bibliographic indexes, databases, and web pages. The method was a narrative literature review of the available literature regarding nutrition interventions and nutrition-related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main search engines used in the present research were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. We found how the COVID-19 lockdown promoted unhealthy dietary changes and increases in body weight of the population, showing obesity and low physical activity levels as increased risk factors of COVID-19 affection and physiopathology. In addition, hospitalized COVID-19 patients presented malnutrition and deficiencies in vitamin C, D, B12 selenium, iron, omega-3, and medium and long-chain fatty acids highlighting the potential health effect of vitamin C and D interventions. Further investigations are needed to show the complete role and implications of nutrition both in the prevention and in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.

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Section: Endocrine System Sars-cov-2 and Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition in the Actual COVID-19 Pandemic. A Narrative Review

et al. 2021

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“…Coronaviruses can cause multiple organs infection especially respiratory tract infection. The clinical signs and symptoms are typically including fever, dry cough, muscle pain, diarrhea, and breathing difficulties (Abdel-Moneim and Hosni, 2021). Sever cases of COVID-19 represent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis and septic shock, multiorgan failure leading to death (Zafer et al, 2021).…”

Section: Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Occurrence as the Upcoming Complications of COVID-19

Rahimmanesh

Shariati

Dana

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Previous studies suggested that patients with comorbidities including cancer had a higher risk of mortality or developing more severe forms of COVID-19. The interaction of cancer and COVID-19 is unrecognized and potential long-term effects of COVID-19 on cancer outcome remain to be explored. Furthermore, whether COVID‐19 increases the risk of cancer in those without previous history of malignancies, has not yet been studied. Cancer progression, recurrence and metastasis depend on the complex interaction between the tumor and the host inflammatory response. Extreme proinflammatory cytokine release (cytokine storm) and multi‐organ failure are hallmarks of severe COVID‐19. Besides impaired T-Cell response, elevated levels of cytokines, growth factors and also chemokines in the plasma of patients in the acute phase of COVID-19 as well as tissue damage and chronic low‐grade inflammation in “long COVID‐19” syndrome may facilitate cancer progression and recurrence. Following a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, some counterbalancing compensatory anti-inflammatory mechanisms will be activated to restore immune homeostasis. On the other hand, there remains the possibility of the integration of SARS- CoV-2 into the host genome, which potentially may cause cancer. These mechanisms have also been shown to be implicated in both tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this review, we are going to focus on potential mechanisms and the molecular interplay, which connect COVID-19, inflammation, and immune-mediated tumor progression that may propose a framework to understand the possible role of COVID-19 infection in tumorgenesis and cancer progression.

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“…The interactions via the activation of inflammatory mediators and indirect immune-mediated damage are also postulated. [11,12] ACE-2 receptors are expressed in various endocrine glands, including testis, pancreas, thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands. Clinical and biochemical manifestations have been recorded in COVID-19 patients, resulting in endocrine dysfunctions, similar to what was observed during the SARS outbreak in 2003.…”

Section: Endocrine Involvement In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The pituitary gland in the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review of the literature

Almalki

Aldahmani

Mahzari

et al. 2021

Journal of Diabetes and Endocrine Practice

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Review Article introduCtion COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus responsible for a pandemic that emerged in December 2019. Heterogeneous clinical forms are described from asymptomatic to severe hypoxaemic acute respiratory syndrome with multisystem organ failure. [1] COVID-19 infection has tremendously impacted social living and clinical practice, education, and research. [2,3] Almost all organs and systems suffer from COVID19 infection. Endocrine conditions are not an exception, and some endocrine organs are at risk of a direct or indirect damage by COVID-19. [4] Endocrine treatment modifications due to COVID-19 infection are required proactively to avoid decompensation and eventual hospital admission. This case was most evident in diabetes and adrenal insufficiency, in which rapid increase of "replacement" therapy is warranted by adopting the appropriate sick day's rules and easy contact with the health care provider through different telematic modalities. [5] The COVID-19 pandemic has had implications in the central nervous system. COVID-19 infection is characterized by coagulation activation and endothelial dysfunction, causing the endocrine system's ischemic and hemorrhagic vascular syndromes. We aimed to provide an overview of the global literature on the impact of COVID-19 on pituitary function and structure. A narrative, nonsystematic review of the literature retrieved from a significant medical online database (PubMed) between February 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021. The relevant literature was narrated in a concise thematic account. Most specific recommendations for managing endocrine disorders during COVID-19 rely on the same principles of epidemiological safety measures, delaying nonemergency admissions and transforming the routine follow-up to telemedicine clinics. Ongoing medications should be continued. Special attention is required to both primary and secondary adrenal disorders. Corticosteroids are a mainstay of treatment in COVID-19 infection. Therefore, it is essential to consider all aspects of high doses, including adverse metabolic reactions, especially in people with diabetes and prediabetes. Surgery is postponed for nonemergency situations, restricting most planned surgeries, and if required in an emergency, plans should include an additional risk. Sick-day rules should be adhered to strictly. Regular contact with endocrinology teams can be maintained through teleconsultations and virtual clinics. In conclusion, special attention is needed to the interaction between COVID-19 infection and pituitary conditions in a bidirectional manner. The direct impact of COVID-19 on pituitary structure and function is possible and should be recognized timely and treated effectively. Furthermore, appropriate organizational adjustments are needed to maintain a coordinated response within the conventional multidisciplinary management to optimize the care of patients with pituitary conditions among the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

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Insights into the possible impact of COVID-19 on the endocrine system

Cited by 15 publications

References 103 publications

Nutrition in the Actual COVID-19 Pandemic. A Narrative Review

Nutrition in the Actual COVID-19 Pandemic. A Narrative Review

Cancer Occurrence as the Upcoming Complications of COVID-19

The pituitary gland in the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review of the literature

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