“…The unsaturated SO 3 group in PMS exhibits strong electron absorption ability, making the O–O bond in the structure more easily negatively charged, while the oxygen atom near the hydrogen bond is partially positively charged, rendering PMS more conducive to produce oxidative active species (Honarmandrad et al, 2023; Li, Gu, et al, 2022; Su et al, 2022). Currently, a variety of methods have been performed for the activation of PMS including ultraviolet (UV) light activation, thermal activation, transition metals activation, alkali activation, ultrasonic (US) activation, and other activation methods (Du et al, 2022; M. J. Huang et al, 2022; Li et al, 2021; Wen et al, 2023; Xu et al, 2019). However, the aforementioned activation methods still have some limitations.…”