Insights into the New Molecular Updates in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Pathogenesis

Abstract

As our understanding of the biologic basis of acute myeloid leukemia evolves, so do the classification systems used to describe this group of cancers. Early classification systems focused on the morphologic features of blasts and other cell populations; however, the explosion in genomic technologies has led to rapid growth in our understanding of these diseases and thus the refinement of classification systems. Recently, two new systems, the International Consensus Classification system and the 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, were published to incorporate the latest genomic advances in blood cancer. This article reviews the major updates in acute myeloid leukemia in both systems and highlights the biologic insights that have driven these changes.

Discovery of 5-trifluoromethyl-2-aminopyrimidine derivatives as potent dual inhibitors of FLT3 and CHK1

“…All chemical reagents and solvents were purchased from commercial suppliers and used without further purification. + ;found: 276.11, [1,4] oxazine (9) White solid; yield: 46%; 1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.37 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, Ar-H, 1H), 7.33 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.5 Hz, Ar-H, 1H), 7.30 (d,J = 2.5 Hz,1H),CH 2 ,2H),CH General procedure B for the synthesis of intermediates (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) Compounds 4 and 5 (1.00 mmol) and TEA (5.00 mmol) were dissolved in DCM (3.0 mL). The corresponding sulfonyl chloride (1.50-2.00 mmol) was added to the solution with an atmosphere of 0 °C and nitrogen.…”

“…Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant cancer with an abnormal hematopoietic system, characterized by impaired differentiation and indefinite proliferation of immature cells. 1,2 At present, the "7 + 3" regimen is mainly recognized as the standard treatment method for AML patients, which contains seven continuous days of cytarabine infusion and daily boluses of anthracycline on the first three days. Unfortunately, although this treatment regimen has significant early efficacy, the prognosis of AML patients in the later stage is not satisfactory, with primary refractory diseases and recurrence.…”