Insights into the Metal Salt Catalyzed 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural Synthesis from Carbohydrates

Yu, Xin; Gao, Xueying; Tao, Ruili; Peng, Lincai

doi:10.3390/catal7060182

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, with metal sulfates Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , CuSO 4 , Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , and Cr 2 (SO 4 ) 3 as catalysts, the reaction system hardly detected EMF, but more EDGP (ca. 80% yield) was detected (Yu et al, 2017). Thus, the metal chloride is more conducive to the isomerization of glucose, while the metal sulfate is more inclined to promote the etherification of glucose.…”

Section: Monofunctional Acid Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Catalytic Upgrading of Lignocellulosic Biomass Sugars Toward Biofuel 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural

Liu

Luo

et al. 2022

Front. Chem.

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The conversion of biomass into high-value chemicals through biorefineries is a requirement for sustainable development. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) contains polysaccharides and aromatic polymers and is one of the important raw materials for biorefineries. Hexose and pentose sugars can be obtained from LCB by effective pretreatment methods, and further converted into high-value chemicals and biofuels, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid (LA), γ-valerolactone (GVL), ethyl levulinate (EL), and 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF). Among these biofuels, EMF has a high cetane number and superior oxidation stability. This mini-review summarizes the mechanism of several important processes of EMF production from LCB-derived sugars and the research progress of acid catalysts used in this reaction in recent years. The influence of the properties and structures of mono- and bi-functional acid catalysts on the selectivity of EMF from glucose were discussed, and the effect of reaction conditions on the yield of EMF was also introduced.

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Section: Monofunctional Acid Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Catalytic Upgrading of Lignocellulosic Biomass Sugars Toward Biofuel 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural

Liu

Luo

et al. 2022

Front. Chem.

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“…[33] Another report describes 140 °C as optimum temperature with metal chloride catalysts while 120 °C with metal sulfates. [34]…”

Section: Synthesis Of 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (5-emf) From Fructosementioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids Mediated One‐Pot Synthesis of Second Generation 5‐Ethoxymethylfurfural (5‐EMF); A Potent Biofuel Candidate

Naz

Uroos

2022

ChemistrySelect

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5-Ethoxymethylfurfural (5-EMF) is a promising fuel alternative and biofuel additive due to its high energy potential. Principal method for its synthesis is etherification of hydroxyl group of 5hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), produced by the dehydration of fructose. Currently existing methods for the synthesis of 5-EMF are not industrially feasible due to the issues associated with their starting materials; either they are highly expensive (such as 5-HMF), or compete with food (sugars such as fructose and glucose). Herein, we are reporting a one-pot protocol for the synthesis of 5-EMF using non-food indigenous agricultural waste material, thus completely eliminating the both issues. Cost is also very much reduced due to the utilization of cheap pyridinium based ionic liquids. Energy, time and solvents use is also reduced, as reaction is happening in a single pot. The process is optimized first for fructose (73 % 5-EMF yield) and glucose (16 % 5-EMF), and was then extended for real biopolymeric cellulose (16 % 5-EMF) and wheat husk biomass (15 % 5-EMF). Product was characterized via HPLC and 1 HNMR spectroscopy.

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“…e highest EMF yield through single step reaction from HMF was proved to be 92.9% catalyzed by AlCl 3 at 100°C for 5 h by Liu et al [31]. With the same carbohydrates conversion system, Yu et al [34] performed the use of largescale common metal salts as catalysts for the preparation of EMF to understand the catalytic mechanism. According to the research, AlCl 3 gave good catalytic activity for producing EMF from fructose at 140°C, while CuSO 4 and Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 provided comparable EMF yields at 110 to 120°C, and the latter favored the EL formation.…”

Section: Homogeneous Mineral Saltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading of Carbohydrates to the Biofuel Candidate 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF)

Liu

Wang

2018

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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5-Ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF), one of the significant platform molecular derivatives, is regarded as a promising biofuel and additive for diesel, owing to its high energy density (8.7 kWh·L−1). Several catalytic materials have been developed for the synthesis of EMF derived from different feedstocks under relatively mild reaction conditions. Although a great quantity of research has been conducted over the past decades, the unsatisfactory production selectivity mostly limited to the range 50%–70%, and the classic fructose used as the substrate restricted its application for fuel manufacture in large scale. To address these production improvements, this review pays attention to evaluate the activity of various catalysts (e.g., mineral salts, zeolites, heteropolyacid-based hybrids, sulfonic acid-functionalized materials, and ionic liquids), providing potential research directions for the design of novel catalysts for the achievement of further improved EMF yields.

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Insights into the Metal Salt Catalyzed 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural Synthesis from Carbohydrates

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

Catalytic Upgrading of Lignocellulosic Biomass Sugars Toward Biofuel 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural

Catalytic Upgrading of Lignocellulosic Biomass Sugars Toward Biofuel 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural

Ionic Liquids Mediated One‐Pot Synthesis of Second Generation 5‐Ethoxymethylfurfural (5‐EMF); A Potent Biofuel Candidate

Upgrading of Carbohydrates to the Biofuel Candidate 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF)

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