Insights into the Mechanisms of action of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine and its use in COVID-19 for chemoprophylaxis

Sahu, Monalisa; Kumar, Arvind; Shankar, Sujay Halkur; Vishwakarma, Vishal Kumar; Sahoo, Pradipt Ranjan; Wig, Naveet

doi:10.22541/au.158981181.19035548

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Simultaneously, endosomal trafficking and Golgi complex organization get affected. Once the pH of lysosomes and endosomes is increased it leads to dysregulation of virus fusion with host cell and prevents further virus replication [28]. On the other hand, the neutralization of pH in endosomes and lysosomes results in obstruction in the effects of proteases which affects S protein cleavage and entry of the virus into the host cell.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Action Of Hydroxychloroquinementioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the mechanism of action of favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19

Pavlova¹,

Hristova²,

Uzunova³

et al. 2021

Res Rev Insights

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The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spread rapidly across the globe. The lack of available therapies was an essential condition to repurpose available medicines for the treatment or prevention of that worrisome condition. It was our aim to summarize the available knowledge about the mechanism of action of the antirheumatic drugs chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and the antiviral drug favipiravir. Further, the concomitant therapeutic potential of both drugs is discussed. The multiple mechanisms of action of CQ/HCQ as well as their immunomodulatory properties are still under investigation in COVID-19 treatment. The nucleoside analogue favipiravir is rapidly metabolized in host cells which disrupts viral synthesis and leads to mutagenesis. Clinical trials become available that provide evidence of the beneficial effect of concomitant use of both drugs in mild-COVID-19 patients. Simultaniously, side effects like QTc prolongation or teratogenicity pose risk to extensive community application. Future well designed, large randomized clinical trials are awaited to determine the role if any of those medications in COVID-19 therapy.

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Section: Mechanism Of Action Of Hydroxychloroquinementioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the mechanism of action of favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19

Pavlova¹,

Hristova²,

Uzunova³

et al. 2021

Res Rev Insights

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“…They were used as an emergency treatment for COVID-19 patients in USA, Japan and other countries (9) . Chloroquine (CQ) and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are antimalarial drugs that have been proposed to be effective against COVID-19 (10) . Later, results from systematic review and meta-analysis studies on the two drugs indicated their low efficacy in reducing mortality or lowering the risk of hospitalization in outpatients (11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highlighting the Treatment Regimens used in COVID-19 epidemic in Iraq with Special Regards to Vitamin D

AL-Nema¹,

Yahya²,

Khalf³

2022

IJPS

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a flu-like infection caused by a novel virus known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). After the widespread around the world, it was announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global pandemic. The symptoms of COVID-19 may arise within 2 weeks and the severity ranged from mild with signs of respiratory infection to severe cases of organ failure and even death. Management of COVID-19 patients includes supportive treatment and pharmacological medications expected to be effective with no definitive cure of the disease. The aims of this study are highlighting the management protocol and supportive therapy especially vitamin D and manifesting the clinical symptoms by patients in Iraq. An observational study was conducted on 200 patients and descriptive parameters for data were calculated to analyze the results. The mean age was 42.56±17.49 years and the majority of patients were presented with mild to moderate symptoms (78%). There were many different pharmacological treatment regimens and random doses and duration of vitamin D were taken by the patients. In conclusion, a non-specific treatment protocol was used for the patients without compliance to the national guidelines for management and treatment of COVID-19 patients in Iraq with the administration of a wide range of pharmaceutical agents that required monitoring for their safety and efficacy. Vitamin D is administered in different doses and duration without depending on the basal serum concentration.

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Insights into the Mechanisms of action of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine and its use in COVID-19 for chemoprophylaxis

Cited by 2 publications

References 28 publications

A review on the mechanism of action of favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19

A review on the mechanism of action of favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19

Highlighting the Treatment Regimens used in COVID-19 epidemic in Iraq with Special Regards to Vitamin D

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