“…The branching degree of amylopectin was determined following the methods described in several previous studies ( Wang et al, 2022 , Wang et al, 2022 , Xu et al, 2021 ). The wheat grains were removed from the husk and the water was balanced for a week, then crushed with a grinder at a grinding frequency of 55 Hz and the grinding time was 400–500 s (Model: MBI-48).…”