Insights into the formation and evolution of extraterrestrial amino acids from the asteroid Ryugu

Potiszil, Christian; Ota, Tsutomu; Yamanaka, Masahiro; Sakaguchi, Chie; Kobayashi, Katsura; Tanaka, Ryoji; Kunihiro, T.; Kitagawa, Hiroshi; Abe, Masanao; Miyazaki, Akiko; Nakato, Aiko; Nakazawa, Shozo; Nishimura, Masahiro; Okada, T.; Saiki, Takanao; Tanaka, Satoshi; Terui, Fuyuto; Tsuda, Yuichi; Yabuta, Hikaru; Watanabe, S.; Yada, Toru; Yogata, Kasumi; Yoshikawa, Makoto; Nakamura, Eizo

doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37107-6

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Indeed, this heterogeneity of organic matter within a single chondrite has already been observed on Murchison, for example, with numerous amino acid analyses on different fragments using the same protocol yielding significantly different amounts . Furthermore, the difference observed can also be the result of the applied analytical protocol. ,, The analytical strategy used here was done without desalting or derivatization steps on the extract, avoiding as much as possible the loss of small polar molecules. New extraction techniques for the detection of amino acids in extremely small samples for return mission also avoid desalting and HCl hydrolysis steps. , …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Furthermore, the difference observed can also be the result of the applied analytical protocol. ,, The analytical strategy used here was done without desalting or derivatization steps on the extract, avoiding as much as possible the loss of small polar molecules. New extraction techniques for the detection of amino acids in extremely small samples for return mission also avoid desalting and HCl hydrolysis steps. , …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New extraction techniques for the detection of amino acids in extremely small samples for return mission also avoid desalting and HCl hydrolysis steps. 35,36 Among the CM chondrites, only one other meteorite has revealed such a high concentration of amino acids: Yamato 791198, 37,38 a CM2 with a similar degree of alteration as Murchison. 7,39 When taking the same 22 amino acids into account in Figure 5, Yamato 791198 has about 33175 ppb of free amino acids, which is closer to the 55298 ppb reported for Asuka 12236 compared to others.…”

Section: Acs Earth Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Effect of Aqueous Alteration on Soluble Organic Matter in Primitive Carbonaceous Chondrites: The Case of Asuka 12236

Serra,

Vinogradoff,

Poinot

et al. 2023

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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Carbonaceous chondrites (CCs) are considered the closest solid material to the composition of the early Solar System and can provide information about the origin of organic matter (OM) in the system and on Earth. Despite being primitive, their parent bodies have undergone secondary processes shortly after their formation (hydrothermal or metamorphism alterations) that blur their initial organic or mineral composition. The most primitive CC members are hence very precious to study the original composition. Here, we report the characterization of the soluble organic matter (SOM) of Asuka 12236, classified among the most primitive members of the CM group in comparison with the SOM from other CM chondrites: Paris, Murchison, and Aguas Zarcas. Analysis of these SOM were performed using several analytical techniques, including elemental analysis, highresolution mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography coupled to different mass spectrometers. Our results show that Asuka 12236 has the lowest H content among the CMs studied here and presents heterogeneity in its C content, likely indicating variable degrees of aqueous alteration. High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis reveals that Asuka 12236 has a molecular diversity similar to the SOM of Murchison and Aguas Zarcas but with a higher abundance of sulfur compounds, more similar to Paris SOM. The content of organomagnesium compounds indicates no high-pressure or -temperature stress but rather mid-temperature aqueous alteration for Asuka 12236, like Murchison SOM, but unlike Paris or Aguas Zarcas SOM. From liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis, we observed the highest concentration of amino acids in Asuka 12236 compared to the other CM chondrites considered here. Amino acids are mainly of α forms, witnessing a Strecker formation or a formose-type reaction under low amounts of water, in agreement with the low H content recorded in this peculiar chondrite. This study of the SOM of chondrites with different degrees of alteration highlights that organic compounds may be transformed much more rapidly than the minerals during hydrothermal alteration. This OM evolution depends on the amount of water and/or the temperature and/or pressure, leading toward significant transformation from one chondrite to another, while the mineralogy can indicate a low degree of alteration. In addition, to better assess the initial OM in chondrites, the impact of aqueous alteration on organic matter calls for additional laboratory experimentation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acs Earth Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Effect of Aqueous Alteration on Soluble Organic Matter in Primitive Carbonaceous Chondrites: The Case of Asuka 12236

Serra,

Vinogradoff,

Poinot

et al. 2023

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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“…The samples measured in this study were selected from the Ryugu particles distributed to the P2C-PML for the initial sample analysis of JAXAʼs Hayabusa2 mission. After the initial analyses (Nakamura et al 2022;Potiszil et al 2023), in which two particles were analyzed for Cr isotopes, there remained seven samples that possessed enough mass to allow Cr isotope analysis by the current study. Five particles Fujiya et al 2012Fujiya et al , 2013Jilly-Rehak et al 2017;Visser et al 2020;Bischoff et al 2021), and the Mn-Cr and Pb-Pb age of NWA 6704/6693 (green diamond; Sanborn et al 2019) are also plotted (see the details in the main text).…”

Section: Samples and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Cr Isotopes of Ryugu: An Accurate Aqueous Alteration Age and the Least Thermally Processed Solar System Material

Tanaka,

Ratnayake,

Ota

et al. 2024

ApJ

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The analysis of samples returned from the C-type asteroid Ryugu has drastically advanced our knowledge of the evolution of early solar system materials. However, no consensus has been obtained on the chronological data, which is important for understanding the evolution of the asteroid Ryugu. Here, the aqueous alteration age of Ryugu particles was determined by the Mn–Cr method using bulk samples, yielding an age of 4.13 + 0.62/−0.55 Myr after the formation of Ca–Al-rich inclusions (CAI). The age corresponds to 4563.17 + 0.60/−0.67 Myr ago. The higher 55Mn/52Cr, ε 54Cr, and initial ε 53Cr values of the Ryugu samples relative to any carbonaceous chondrite samples implies that its progenitor body formed from the least thermally processed precursors in the outermost region of the protoplanetary disk. Despite accreting at different distances from the Sun, the hydrous asteroids (Ryugu and the parent bodies of CI, CM, CR, and ungrouped C2 meteorites) underwent aqueous alteration during a period of limited duration (3.8 ± 1.8 Myr after CAI). These ages are identical to the crystallization age of the carbonaceous achondirtes NWA 6704/6693 within the error. The ε 54Cr and initial ε 53Cr values of Ryugu and NWA 6704/6693 are also identical, while they show distinct Δ'17O values. This suggests that the precursors that formed the progenitor bodies of Ryugu and NWA 6703/6693 were formed in close proximity and experienced a similar degree of thermal processing in the protosolar nebula. However, the progenitor body of Ryugu was formed by a higher ice/dust ratio, than NWA6703/6693, in the outer region of the protoplanetary disk.

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“…Given that some fundamental molecular precursors that contributed to the origin of life on Earth could have an extraterrestrial origin (e.g., Pearce et al 2017), numerous efforts have been focused on the search for glycine in space in recent decades. Along with other amino acids, glycine has been detected in chondritic meteorites (Cronin & Pizzarello 1983;Burton et al 2012) and, very recently, in samples provided by the JAXA Hayabusa2 mission of the asteroid Ryugu (Potiszil et al 2023). It was also detected in the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko by the in situ mass spectrometric analysis performed by the ESA spacecraft Rosetta (Altwegg et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

First Glycine Isomer Detected in the Interstellar Medium: Glycolamide (NH₂C(O)CH₂OH)

Rivilla,

Sanz-Novo,

Jiménez-Serra

et al. 2023

ApJL

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We report the first detection in the interstellar medium (ISM) of a C2H5O2N isomer: syn-glycolamide (NH2C(O)CH2OH). The exquisite sensitivity at sub-mK levels of an ultradeep spectral survey carried out with the Yebes 40 m and IRAM 30 m telescopes toward the G+0.693–0.027 molecular cloud has allowed us to unambiguously identify multiple transitions of this species. We derived a column density of (7.4 ± 0.7) × 1012 cm−2, which implies a molecular abundance with respect to H2 of 5.5 × 10−11. The other C2H5O2N isomers, including the higher-energy anti conformer of glycolamide and two conformers of glycine, were not detected. The upper limit derived for the abundance of glycine indicates that this amino acid is surely less abundant than its isomer glycolamide in the ISM. The abundances of the C2H5O2N isomers cannot be explained in terms of thermodynamic equilibrium; thus, chemical kinetics need to be invoked. While the low abundance of glycine might not be surprising, based on the relative low abundances of acids in the ISM compared to other compounds (e.g., alcohols, aldehydes, or amines), several chemical pathways can favor the formation of its isomer glycolamide. It can be formed through radical–radical reactions on the surface of dust grains. The abundances of these radicals can be significantly boosted in an environment affected by a strong ultraviolet field induced by cosmic rays, such as that expected in G+0.693–0.027. Therefore, as shown by several recent molecular detections toward this molecular cloud, it stands out as the best target to discover new species with carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen with increasing chemical complexity.

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Insights into the formation and evolution of extraterrestrial amino acids from the asteroid Ryugu

Cited by 25 publications

References 49 publications

Assessing the Effect of Aqueous Alteration on Soluble Organic Matter in Primitive Carbonaceous Chondrites: The Case of Asuka 12236

Assessing the Effect of Aqueous Alteration on Soluble Organic Matter in Primitive Carbonaceous Chondrites: The Case of Asuka 12236

Unraveling the Cr Isotopes of Ryugu: An Accurate Aqueous Alteration Age and the Least Thermally Processed Solar System Material

First Glycine Isomer Detected in the Interstellar Medium: Glycolamide (NH₂C(O)CH₂OH)

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Insights into the formation and evolution of extraterrestrial amino acids from the asteroid Ryugu

Cited by 25 publications

References 49 publications

Assessing the Effect of Aqueous Alteration on Soluble Organic Matter in Primitive Carbonaceous Chondrites: The Case of Asuka 12236

Assessing the Effect of Aqueous Alteration on Soluble Organic Matter in Primitive Carbonaceous Chondrites: The Case of Asuka 12236

Unraveling the Cr Isotopes of Ryugu: An Accurate Aqueous Alteration Age and the Least Thermally Processed Solar System Material

First Glycine Isomer Detected in the Interstellar Medium: Glycolamide (NH2C(O)CH2OH)

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First Glycine Isomer Detected in the Interstellar Medium: Glycolamide (NH₂C(O)CH₂OH)