Insights into the effects of matrix retention and inert carbon on the petroleum generation potential of Indian Gondwana shales

Hazra, Bodhisatwa; Wood, David A.; Varma, Atul Kumar; Sarkar, B. C.; Tiwari, Balram; Singh, Ashok K.

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.12.028

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This large T max discrepancy recorded in the two sections cannot be explained by different thermal histories, in view of the similar burial and tectonic evolution throughout the Zagros Basin [63,76]. It is highly possible that the low T max values from the Kuh e Faraghan section could be the results of a 'mineral matrix effect' caused by the low amount of organic carbon (TOC ~0.5%) [62,137,140,[142][143][144]. On the other hand, it has also been suggested that in samples whose S 2 < 0.2 mg/g, T max values could be unreliable [145].…”

Section: Thermal Maturity Assessment and Source Rock Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Thermal Maturity through a Multi-Proxy Approach: A Case Study from the Permian Faraghan Formation (Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran)

et al. 2021

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This study focuses on the thermal maturity of Permian deposits from the Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran, employing both optical methods (Thermal Alteration Index, Palynomorph Darkness Index, Vitrinite Reflectance, UV Fluorescence) and geochemical analyses of organic matter (Rock Eval Pyrolysis and MicroRaman spectroscopy) applied to the Faraghan Formation along two investigated Darreh Yas and Kuh e Faraghan surface sections. Furthermore, an integrated palynofacies and lithofacies analysis was carried out in order to integrate the few studies on the depositional environment. The Faraghan Formation, which is widely distributed in the Zagros area, generally consists of shale intercalated with sandstones and pebble conglomerates in the lower part, followed by a succession of sandstone, siltstone and shaly intercalations and with carbonate levels at the top. The integrated palynofacies and lithofacies data confirm a coastal depositional setting evolving upwards to a shallow marine carbonate environment upwards. Rock Eval Pyrolysis and Vitrinite Reflectance analysis showed that the organic matter from samples of the Darreh Yas and Kuh e Faraghan sections fall in the mature to postmature range with respect to the oil to gas generation window, restricting the thermal maturity range proposed by previous authors. Similar results were obtained with MicroRaman spectroscopy and optical analysis such as Thermal Alteration Index and UV Fluorescence. Palynomorph Darkness Index values were compared with Rock Eval Pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance values and discussed for the first time in the late stage of oil generation.

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Section: Thermal Maturity Assessment and Source Rock Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Thermal Maturity through a Multi-Proxy Approach: A Case Study from the Permian Faraghan Formation (Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran)

et al. 2021

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“…Splits from British test series sieve of 72 mesh size (−212 μm) were used for geochemical analysis. Technological properties (moisture content, volatile matter yield, and ash yield) of shale samples were analyzed following standard procedures of the Bureau of Indian Standards. , Rock-Eval 6-programmed pyrolysis and LECO total organic carbon (TOC) content were determined on 1–2 g of representative samples using typical procedures. ,− …”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organo-Facies and Mineral Effects on Sorption Capacity of Low-Maturity Permian Barakar Shales from the Auranga Basin, Jharkhand, India

Mishra¹,

Varma

Mendhe

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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Shales associated with the Lower Permian (Barakar Formation) sediments of the Auranga Coalfield, India, occur in the immature−early mature stage. The sorption capacity of Barakar shale samples has been studied through high-pressure methane (CH 4 ) adsorption and low-pressure N 2 gas adsorption (LPN 2 GA) methods, supported with proximate analyses, programmed pyrolysis, optical petrography, and with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The sorption capacity is a function of the organic and inorganic constituents present in the shale samples. The methane sorption capacity (MSC) and Langmuir volume of the shale samples vary from 0.217 to 0.314 and 0.315 to 0.429 mmol/g rock, respectively. The BET-calculated surface area of the studied shales varies from 8.12 to 30.36 m 2 /g. The sorption capacities show the importance of the total organic content (TOC) through weak but positive correlations with MSC (r 2 = 0.45) and S1 values (mg hydrocarbons/g rock from programmed pyrolysis; r 2 = 0.40). Moreover, apparent inverse relationships were observed between MSC and clay mineral abundances, suggesting that individual clay mineral types may influence MSC, although more work is needed. The TOC-normalized MSC (MSC*) of shale samples shows a positive trend with quartz plus clay mineral content and ash yield of r 2 = 0.64 for both. In addition, MSC* shows a negative logarithmic relationship with S1 + S2 (r 2 = 0.63) and a positive linear relationship with TOC-normalized total organic matter (TOM*) (r 2 = 0.88, when 5 low TOM* samples are excluded) indicating complex relationships possibly including bitumen retention in the sample pore spaces. The micropore study of the samples through LPN 2 GA, applying Dubinin−Radushkevich, Dubinin−Astakhov, and density functional theory models, shows the dominance of micro-mesopore concentrations in the shale matrix of ∼2 nm pore diameter. However, these pores might be present as blind or closed pores. The presence of thorium and zirconium is reflective of terrigenous detrital matter, i.e., moderately to strongly recycled sediments. The fluviatile facies of deposited shales in the Auranga Coalfield are noted by the significant presence of kaolinite (32.5−78.3%), which suggests the importance of its effect on the sorption capacity of proximal terrigenous shales.

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“…The Raniganj basin, a sub-basin of Damodar Valley basin, was the birthplace of the Indian coal industry, and its potential for shale-gas extraction is already well documented (Sain et al, 2014;Varma et al, 2015a). Previous works have described the organic matter richness, petrographic charac-teristics, mineralogy, high-pressure methane gas adsorption, matrix petroleum-retention properties, biomarkers, and organic geochemistry of this and other Indian Permian shale basins (Mani et al, 2014;Varma et al, 2014aVarma et al, , 2014bVarma et al, , 2014cVarma et al, , 2014dVarma et al, , 2015aVarma et al, , 2015bGanapathi, 2015a, 2015b;Hazra et al, 2015Hazra et al, , 2016Hazra et al, , 2018aHazra et al, , 2018bTewari et al, 2016;Mendhe et al, 2017Mendhe et al, , 2018. In this work, for the first time, Rock-Eval data for a range of shales with a wide-range of maturities is used to consider the kerogen kinetics of Permian shales from the Raniganj basin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis S2-peak characteristics of Raniganj shales (India) reflect complex combinations of kerogen kinetics and other processes related to different levels of thermal maturity

Wood

Hazra

2018

Adv. Geo-Energy Res.

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Insights into the effects of matrix retention and inert carbon on the petroleum generation potential of Indian Gondwana shales

Cited by 18 publications

References 44 publications

Assessing Thermal Maturity through a Multi-Proxy Approach: A Case Study from the Permian Faraghan Formation (Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran)

Assessing Thermal Maturity through a Multi-Proxy Approach: A Case Study from the Permian Faraghan Formation (Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran)

Organo-Facies and Mineral Effects on Sorption Capacity of Low-Maturity Permian Barakar Shales from the Auranga Basin, Jharkhand, India

Pyrolysis S2-peak characteristics of Raniganj shales (India) reflect complex combinations of kerogen kinetics and other processes related to different levels of thermal maturity

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