Insights into the Design of Polyurethane Dressings Suitable for the Stages of Skin Wound-Healing: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Dressings made with polyurethanes have been found to exhibit good and varied biological properties that make them good candidates for this application. However, as has been seen, the wound-healing process is complex, which includes four different stages. So far, the design and evaluation of polyurethane for wound dressing has focused on achieving good properties (mechanical, physicochemical, and biological), but each of them separates from the others or even directed at only one of the stages of skin wound-healing. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to explore the applications of polyurethanes in wound dressings and to determine whether could be designed to cover more than one stage of skin wound-healing. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. The current research in this field does not consider each stage separately, and the design of polyurethane dressings is focused on covering all the stages of wound healing with a single material but is necessary to replace polyurethanes in short periods of time. Additionally, little emphasis is placed on the hemostasis stage and further characterization of polyurethanes is still needed to correlate mechanical and physicochemical properties with biological properties at each stage of the wound-healing. Current research demonstrates an effort to characterize the materials physiochemically and mechanically, but in terms of their biological properties, most of the literature is based on the performance of histological tests of explants morphologically probing the compromised tissues, which give an indication of the potential use of polyurethanes in the generation of wound-healing dressings.

LC–TOF-MS/MS and GC-MS based phytochemical profiling and evaluation of wound healing activity of Oroxylum Indicum (L.) Kurz (Beka)

“…The wound healing process involve different phases including contraction, the formation of epithelialization and fibrosis. The biological response regulating the body’s own cellular defense mechanisms contributes to the wound and its repair ( Morales-González et al, 2022 ). In the present study, the wound healing effects of ethanolic extract of O. indicum were assessed in both in vitro and in vivo models.…”

“…The wound healing process is described as a complex biological process where multiple and interrelated pathways are activated to induce wound repair ( Asadi et al, 2013 ). The wound healing process starts immediately after the injury, generally wound healing process is characterized into three phases: 1) inflammatory phase, consisting of homeostasis and inflammation; 2) proliferative phase, consisting of granulation tissue formation, epithelialisation and contraction; and 3) the remodelling phase ( Morales-González et al, 2022 ). For the wound healing process to occur, it is important to undergo a process that consists of a sequence of molecular and cellular events for the tissue damage to be fixed and restore.…”

An Advanced Review: Polyurethane-Related Dressings for Skin Wound Repair

“…With additives that provide biocompatibility, polyurethane wound dressings can be functionally controlled. Polyurethane is usually combined with a polymer to form a conforming material, and these polymers are generally divided into natural polymers and synthetic polymers [11,25]. A natural polymer is composed of biomolecules derived from nature, such as microorganisms, animals, or plants that can mimic the original cellular environment and extracellular matrix very closely.…”

“…The ratio or composition of hard and soft segments can be manipulated to alter the physicochemical properties of polyurethane [36,107,108]. As the clinical requirements for the functionality of the dressings increase, researchers in related fields have tried to modify the polyurethane with different ingredients or polymers in order to enhance multiple biological functions and physical properties [25]. By performing key biological functions, natural polymers sustain life and allow organisms to adapt to their environment.…”

The state-of-art polyurethane nanoparticles for drug delivery applications

“…Moreover, in crucial medical devices like pacemaker leads and artificial heart components, the durability of PUs and resistance to bodily fluids prevent degradation or adverse responses ( Pfensig et al, 2022 ). PUs films serve as effective wound dressings, creating a barrier against bacteria while enabling oxygen and moisture passage, fostering an optimal environment for wound healing ( Morales-González et al, 2022 ). Their customizability aids tissue engineering by mimicking natural tissue mechanics, supporting cell growth and regeneration within scaffolds ( Naureen et al, 2021 ; Pedersen et al, 2022 ).…”