Insights into the 26 mm Diameter Fluorescent Lamp

Denneman, J. W.; Groot, J. J. de; Jack, A.G.; Ligthart, F. A. S.

doi:10.1080/00994480.1980.10748580

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The inner diameter of his discharge lamps was 36 mm, which is significantly different from the 23.2 mm we have. Denneman et al 2 investigated the argon mercury discharge with an inner diameter of 24 mm. However, the argon pressure in their discharge tubes was 400 Pa, which is different from the 500 Pa we have.…”

Section: B Electron Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past, several authors reported the determination of the electron density and temperature with the aid of a Langmuir probe. [1][2][3] The main disadvantage of these measurements is that Langmuir probes disturb the plasma at the very position the plasma quantities are being measured. Furthermore, a probe does not directly measure the electron density and temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thomson scattering in a low-pressure argon mercury positive column

Bakker

Kroesen

2000

Journal of Applied Physics

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The electron density and the electron temperature in a low-pressure argon mercury positive column are determined using Thomson scattering. Special attention has been given to the stray light reduction in the Thomson scattering setup. The results are obtained in a discharge tube with a 26 mm diam, 5 mbar of argon, a mercury pressure in between 0.14 and 1.7 Pa, and an electric current ranging from 200 to 400 mA. The systematic error in the electron density is 15%, the statistical error is 25%. The total error in the electron temperature is 10%–20%.

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Section: B Electron Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thomson scattering in a low-pressure argon mercury positive column

Bakker

Kroesen

2000

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…The discharge vessels were cylindrical quartz glass tubes of 26" outer diameter and 795" total length, closed by plane windows at both ends. The value of 26 mm was chosen to allow comparison with fluorescent lamp-like discharges [35]. The inner tube radius was 11.5" (wall thickness 1.5").…”

Section: Measuring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of figure 4 were taken at different power density values for the different Ar pressures. The comparison at P' = 30 W m-' (as represented for example in figure 3) was aimed at, because this is a typical power density value for conventional 26 mm diameter fluorescent lamp discharges [35]. This value was' not always realized at the two lower AI pressures because of the power deposition profiles.…”

Section: Dependence Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T t is explained as an absolute minimum of the sum of the two dominant loss processes in this type of discharge, which exhibit a reverse pressure dependence: the so called 'wall losses'-a loss of ionization energy by diffusion of charge carriers to the tube wall and ' subsequent recombination (decreasing with increasing rare gas pressure)-and the 'volume losses', an energy loss by elastic electron-neutral gas collisions (increasing with increasing rare gas pressure). In conventional discharges, the maximum 254 nm efficiency occurs between one and several torr Ar pressure [34,35,38]. The maximum efficiency of the Hg 185 nm radiation occurs at a lower Ar pressure.…”

Section: Dependence Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation efficiency of Hg-Ar surface wave discharges

Beneking¹,

Anderer²

1992

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The radiation efficiency of Hg-Ar low-pressure surface wave (SW) discharges has been measured in a broad range of Ar pressures (40 mTorr-12 Torr), Hg partial pressures ( approximately 1-100mTorr) and excitation frequencies (200-1000 MHz). Gas filling and tube geometry (26 mm outer diameter) were chosen to allow a comparison with the conventionally excited Hg-Ar low-pressure discharge used for general lighting purposes in the well known fluorescent lamp. The study focuses on the quantitative measurement of the two Hg UV resonance lines at 185 and 254 nm. The RF power input into the plasma column extending outside the surfatron coupling structure was determined quantitatively. This was done by measuring the power dissipated in the part of the plasma column hidden within the surfatron by a calorimetric method. The measurements of the Hg UV radiation efficiency are supplemented by radial scan experiments of a visible Hg line, and by the study of phenomena occurring at a higher power density such as saturation and standing wave formation.

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Kinetics of the Ar‐Hg Plasma of Fluorescent Lamp Discharges. I. Model — Basic Equations — Hg Partial Pressure Variation

Wilhelm

Winkler

1983

Annalen der Physik

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A b s t r a c t . A kinetic description of the dc Hg-Ar mixture plasma of fluorescent lamp discharges is given on the basis of the main microphysical processes and corresponding atomic data. The investigation comprises particle balances for the excited Hg atoms of the triplet 63P0,,,, and singulet GlP, state, the balance of the discharge current and an adequate form of the electron Boltzmann equation for such a mixture plasma, the latter including also the various binary collision processes with excited Hg atoms and the Coulomb interaction between the electrons. By simultaneously solving the balances together with the kinetic equation the densities of electrons and excited Hg atoms, the electron energy distribution, the resulting mean energy, mobility and various energy transfer rates of the electrons and the ultraviolet radiation output were determined and in part compared with measured data from the literature. This paper presents and analyses the macroscopic plasma properties mentioned for a wide range of the wall temperature or the corresponding Hg partial pressure variation, where a good agreement of calculated results with experimental data is obtained. I n a second paper the change of the macroscopic plasma behaviour due to variation of buffer gas pressure and discharge current will be dealt with. Kinetik des Ar-Hg-Plasmas von LeuchtstofflampenentladungenI. Model1 -Grundgleichungen -Hg-Partialdruckvariation I n h a l t s u b e r s i c h t . Die Arbeit befafit sich auf der Qrundlage der wesentlichen mikrophysikalischen Prozesse und der entsprechenden atomaren Daten niit der kinetischen Beschreibung des dc Hg-Ar-Mischplasmas von Leuchtstofflampencntladungen. Die Untersuchung verwendet die Teilchenbilanzen fur die angeregten Hg-Atonie des Tripletts 63P0,,,2 und des Singuletts @PI, die Bilanz fur den Entladungsstrom iind eine adaquate Form der Elektronen-Boltzmann-Gleichung fur ein solches Mischplasma, wobei in letzterer auch die verschiedenen ZweierstoBprozesse mit angeregten Hg-Atomen und die Coulomb-Wechselwirkung zwischen den Elektronen berucksichtigt wird. Mittels simultaner Losung der Bilanzgleichungen zusammen mit der kinetischen Gleichung wurden sowohl die Dichten der Elektronen und angercgten Hg-Atome, die Elektronenenergieverteilung, die sich ergebende mittlere Energie, Beweglichkeit rind die verschiedenen Energieubertragungsraten der Elektronen als auch die Ausbeute a n ultravioletter Strahlung bcstimmt und teilweise mit in der Literatur verfugbaren MeRdaten verglichen. In dieser Arbeit werden die genannten makroskopischen Plasmaeigenschaften fur einen weiten Variationsbereich der Wandtemperatur und damit des Hg-Partialdruckes dargestellt und analysiert, wobei gute Ubereinstimmung von berechneten iind experimentellen Ergebnissen erhalten wird. In einer weiteren Arbeit wird das makroskopische Plasmaverhalten bei Variation des Puffergasdruckes iind des Entladungsstromes dargestellt iind diskutiert.

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Insights into the 26 mm Diameter Fluorescent Lamp

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Thomson scattering in a low-pressure argon mercury positive column

Thomson scattering in a low-pressure argon mercury positive column

Radiation efficiency of Hg-Ar surface wave discharges

Kinetics of the Ar‐Hg Plasma of Fluorescent Lamp Discharges. I. Model — Basic Equations — Hg Partial Pressure Variation

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