Insights into river bank erosion processes derived from analysis of negative erosion-pin recordings: observations from three recent UK studies

Couper, Pauline; Stott, Tim; Maddock, Ian

doi:10.1002/esp.285.abs

Cited by 24 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…However, as reported in other studies, limitations such as the loss of pins and measurement disturbance likely affected the accuracy of erosion pin data (Hooke, 1977;Lawler, 1993a;Couper et al, 2002). During the first~20 months of the study (a period of stable hydrologic conditions and relatively inactive erosion) activity on pin plots was limited to the loss of the friable granular surface of the upper streambank and subsequent deposition of this material at the toe of the streambank.…”

Section: Pin Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Positive pin readings (lengthening of exposed pin) were considered erosion whereas negative pin readings (shortening of exposed pin) were considered deposition. All negative pin readings were incorporated into recession rate dataset development as true values (Couper et al, 2002). Exposed pins were reset to a length of 7.5 cm in order to restart the next measurement period with a standard pin length.…”

Section: Streambank Erosion Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Streambank erosion rates and loads within a single watershed: Bridging the gap between temporal and spatial scales

et al. 2014

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The importance of streambank erosion to watershed-scale sediment export is being increasingly recognized. However few studies have quantified bank erosion and watershed sediment flux at the basin scale across temporal and spatial scales. In this study we evaluated the spatial distribution, extent, and temporal frequency of bank erosion in the 5218 ha Walnut Creek watershed in Iowa across a seven year period. We inventoried severely eroding streambanks along over 10 km of stream and monitored erosion pins at 20 sites within the watershed. Annual streambank recession rates ranged from 0.6 cm/yr during years of hydrological inactivity to 28.2 cm/yr during seasons with high discharge rates, with an overall average of 18.8 cm/yr. The percentage of total basin export attributed to streambank erosion along the main stem of Walnut Creek ranged from 23 to 53%. Large variations in individual site, annual rates and percentage of annual load suggested that developing direct relationships between streambank erosion rates and total sediment discharge may be confounded by the timing and magnitude of discharge events, storage of sediments within channel system and the remobilization of eroded material. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. The importance of streambank erosion to watershed-scale sediment export is being increasingly recognized. However few studies have quantified bank erosion and watershed sediment flux at the basin scale across temporal and spatial scales. In this study we evaluated the spatial distribution, extent, and temporal frequency of bank erosion in the 5218 ha Walnut Creek watershed in Iowa across a seven year period. We inventoried severely eroding streambanks along over 10 km of stream and monitored erosion pins at 20 sites within the watershed. Annual streambank recession rates ranged from 0.6 cm/yr during years of hydrological inactivity to 28.2 cm/yr during seasons with high discharge rates, with an overall average of 18.8 cm/yr. The percentage of total basin export attributed to streambank erosion along the main stem of Walnut Creek ranged from 23 to 53%. Large variations in individual site, annual rates and percentage of annual load suggested that developing direct relationships between streambank erosion rates and total sediment discharge may be confounded by the timing and magnitude of discharge events, storage of sediments within channel system and the remobilization of eroded material.

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Section: Pin Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Streambank Erosion Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streambank erosion rates and loads within a single watershed: Bridging the gap between temporal and spatial scales

et al. 2014

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“…Each pin was measured for deposition or erosion of bank material three times annually by measuring the length of the exposed pin. Pins that had been completely eroded were recorded as 65 cm (2.1 ft), which was considered reasonable based on the recommendations of past studies (Lawler 1993 for calculating the actual amount of erosion because omitting negative readings or replacing negative readings with zeros artificially increases the calculated erosion rate (Couper et al 2002). A length of -10.2 cm (-4 in) was used for pins that were completely buried.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streambank erosion in two watersheds of the Central Claypan Region of Missouri, United States

Willett¹,

Lerch²,

Schultz³

et al. 2012

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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This study was undertaken to assess the importance of streambank erosion to the total in-stream sediment of two agricultural watersheds within the Central Claypan Areas. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of stream order, adjacent land use, and season on streambank erosion rates. Thirty-four study sites were established in 2007 and 2008 within Crooked and Otter Creek watersheds, two claypan watersheds located in northeastern Missouri. At each site, field assessments of severely to very severely eroding bank length were determined along 300 to 400 m (984 to 1,312 ft) stream reaches. A factorial experimental design was implemented with four land uses (crop, forest, pasture, and riparian forest), three seasons, and three stream orders (1st, 2nd, and 3rd). Each treatment was replicated three times for each stream order, except for the cropped 3rd order treatment as only one suitable treatment site could be found. Streambank erosion was measured using erosion pins, which were installed in randomly assigned plots that included at least 20% of the eroded bank length within each site. The effect of different seasons was assessed by measuring the length of the exposed pins three times per year (March, July, and November). The bulk density and carbon and nitrogen content of bank material were also determined. Sediment loss rates showed that season and the three-way interaction between season, land use, and stream order were highly significant. Erosion rates were consistently higher in the winter months than spring/ summer and fall seasons; however, the significant three-way interaction precluded a simple interpretation of the seasonal effect. Soil nutrient concentration data showed that forest sites had significantly lower C and N concentrations than other land uses. At the watershed scale, bank sediment accounted for 79% to 96% of the total in-stream sediment and 21% to 24% of the total N exported from the study area. These results indicate that streambanks are the dominant source of sediment and a significant source of N in these streams. Therefore, improved management of riparian areas to decrease streambank erosion would result in significant water quality improvement in streams of the Central Claypan Areas in northeastern Missouri. (1996) reported that streambank erosion accounted for up to 80% of the in-stream sediment. Recent work utilizing stable isotopes has shown that streambank erosion can account for the majority of suspended sediment present in streams during high flow conditions (Wilson et al. 2008). In addition, streambank erosion is an important source of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contamination in streams (DeWolfe et al. 2004;Zaimes et al. 2008). State and federal conservation agencies acknowledge both the impact of sediment and associated nutrients on aquatic habitats (Shields et al. 1994) and the implications of soil loss on agricultural productivity.Due to the runoff-prone nature of claypan soils, overland erosion from cropped fields has been widely assumed to b...

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“…Subaerial processes are supposedly the most active in small headwater channels, fluvial erosion in middle reaches where stream power peaks, and mass failure in the lower reaches where bank heights increase, often exceeding the critical height for geotechnical stability (Lawler, so, the potential causes indicated by field observations; and (ii) how negative data were treated in the data analysis. We agree with Couper et al (2002) and have followed their recommendations. Lawler (1993) undertook a detailed review of the various methods of measuring river bank erosion and concluded that pins were a simple, cheap, sensitive method suitable for a wide range of fluvial environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Spatial and temporal variations in bank erosion on sand‐bed streams in the seasonally wet tropics of northern Australia

Saynor

Erskine

2006

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Insights into river bank erosion processes derived from analysis of negative erosion-pin recordings: observations from three recent UK studies

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Streambank erosion rates and loads within a single watershed: Bridging the gap between temporal and spatial scales

Streambank erosion rates and loads within a single watershed: Bridging the gap between temporal and spatial scales

Streambank erosion in two watersheds of the Central Claypan Region of Missouri, United States

Spatial and temporal variations in bank erosion on sand‐bed streams in the seasonally wet tropics of northern Australia

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