Insights into Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Responses in Wheat under Salt Stress

Kesh, Hari; Devi, Sunita; Kumar, Naresh; Kumar, Arvind; Dhansu, Pooja; Sheoran, Parvender; Mann, Anita

doi:10.5772/intechopen.102740

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…The seed germination stage is the initial stage of plant growth and development; it is one of the most sensitive stages to salt stress [18]. Na + and Cl − ions cause lipid peroxidation of the seed coat cell membrane, increased mechanical resistance, and decreased permeability of the seed coat, thereby inhibiting water infiltration into the cotyledon and hypocotyl and affecting seed germination [19,20]. Meanwhile, the replacement of Ca 2+ with Na + ions to bind to cell wall polysaccharides destroys cell wall elasticity and stability, and Cl − decomposes cell wall components, resulting in damaged cell integrity [21,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Salt Tolerance of Different Spring Soybean Varieties at the Germination Stage

Zhou

Tian

et al. 2023

Plants

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Salinization is a global agricultural problem with many negative effects on crops, including delaying germination, inhibiting growth, and reducing crop yield and quality. This study compared the salt tolerance of 20 soybean varieties at the germination stage to identify soybean germplasm with a high salt tolerance. Germination tests were conducted in Petri dishes containing 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mmol L−1 NaCl. Each Petri dish contained 20 soybean seeds, and each treatment was repeated five times. The indicators of germination potential, germination rate, hypocotyl length, and radicle length were measured. The salt tolerance of 20 soybean varieties was graded, and the theoretical identification concentration was determined by cluster analysis, the membership function method, one-way analysis of variance, and quadratic equation analysis. The relative germination rate, relative germination potential, relative root length, and relative bud length of the 20 soybean germplasms decreased when the salt concentration was >50 mmol L−1, compared with that of the Ctrl. The half-lethal salt concentration of soybean was 164.50 mmol L−1, and the coefficient of variation was 18.90%. Twenty soybean varieties were divided into three salt tolerance levels following cluster analysis: Dongnong 254, Heike 123, Heike 58, Heihe 49, and Heike 68 were salt-tolerant varieties, and Xihai 2, Suinong 94, Kenfeng 16, and Heinong 84 were salt-sensitive varieties, respectively. This study identified suitable soybean varieties for planting in areas severely affected by salt and provided materials for screening and extracting parents or genes to breed salt-tolerant varieties in areas where direct planting is impossible. It assists crop breeding at the molecular level to cope with increasingly serious salt stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Salt Tolerance of Different Spring Soybean Varieties at the Germination Stage

Zhou

Tian

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…The salinity creates an imbalance in osmotic regulation that prevents or reduces water uptake, and Na and Cl ions toxicity are the identified explanations related to the adverse effect of salinity on germination and seedling growth ( Munns et al., 2006 ; Taha and Abd El-Samad, 2022 ). Furthermore, salinity affects the balance of primary metabolites such as total soluble sugars, reduced sugars, nonreducing sugars, starch, lipids, and proteins ( De Santis et al., 2021 ; Hussain et al., 2021 ; Kesh et al., 2022 ; Masarmi et al., 2023 ; Sadak and Dawood, 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of winter wheat genotypes to salinity stress under controlled environments

Ehtaiwesh,

Sunoj,

Djanaguiraman

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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This study was conducted in controlled environmental conditions to systematically evaluate multi-traits responses of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes to different salinity levels. Responses were assessed at the germination to early seedling stage (Experiment 1). Seeds of different genotypes (n=292) were subjected to three salinity levels (0 [control], 60, and 120 mM NaCl). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that among studied traits seedling vigor index (SVI) contributed more towards the diverse response of genotypes to salinity stress. Based on SVI, eight contrasting genotypes assumed to be tolerant (Gage, Guymon, MTS0531, and Tascosa) and susceptible (CO04W320, Carson, TX04M410211) were selected for further physio-biochemical evaluation at the booting stage (Experiment 2) and to monitor grain yield. Higher level of salinity (120 mM NaCl) exposure at the booting stage increased thylakoid membrane damage, lipid peroxidation, sugars, proline, and protein while decreasing photosynthesis, chlorophyll index, starch, and grain yield. Based on grain yield, the assumed magnitude of the genotypic response shown in Experiment 1 was not analogous in Experiment 2. This indicates the necessity of individual screening of genotypes at different sensitive growth stages for identifying true salinity-tolerant and susceptible genotypes at a particular growth stage. However, based on higher grain yield and its least percentage reduction under higher salinity, Guymon and TX04M410211 were identified as tolerant, and Gage and CO04W320 as susceptible at the booting stage, and their biparental population can be used to identify genomic regions for booting stage-specific salinity response.

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“…The effect of salinity stress on plant growth and development is considerable, affecting seed germination, plant anatomy and physiology, root architecture, protein synthesis, gene expression, and fructification. Plants grown in saline environments first experience osmotic stress and later imbalanced ion homeostasis, and these two stresses cumulatively cause oxidative stress and a sequence of other secondary stresses affecting plant metabolism ( Kumar et al., 2019 ; Kesh et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halophytes as new model plant species for salt tolerance strategies

et al. 2023

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Soil salinity is becoming a growing issue nowadays, severely affecting the world’s most productive agricultural landscapes. With intersecting and competitive challenges of shrinking agricultural lands and increasing demand for food, there is an emerging need to build resilience for adaptation to anticipated climate change and land degradation. This necessitates the deep decoding of a gene pool of crop plant wild relatives which can be accomplished through salt-tolerant species, such as halophytes, in order to reveal the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Halophytes are generally defined as plants able to survive and complete their life cycle in highly saline environments of at least 200-500 mM of salt solution. The primary criterion for identifying salt-tolerant grasses (STGs) includes the presence of salt glands on the leaf surface and the Na+ exclusion mechanism since the interaction and replacement of Na+ and K+ greatly determines the survivability of STGs in saline environments. During the last decades or so, various salt-tolerant grasses/halophytes have been explored for the mining of salt-tolerant genes and testing their efficacy to improve the limit of salt tolerance in crop plants. Still, the utility of halophytes is limited due to the non-availability of any model halophytic plant system as well as the lack of complete genomic information. To date, although Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and salt cress (Thellungiella halophila) are being used as model plants in most salt tolerance studies, these plants are short-lived and can tolerate salinity for a shorter duration only. Thus, identifying the unique genes for salt tolerance pathways in halophytes and their introgression in a related cereal genome for better tolerance to salinity is the need of the hour. Modern technologies including RNA sequencing and genome-wide mapping along with advanced bioinformatics programs have advanced the decoding of the whole genetic information of plants and the development of probable algorithms to correlate stress tolerance limit and yield potential. Hence, this article has been compiled to explore the naturally occurring halophytes as potential model plant species for abiotic stress tolerance and to further breed crop plants to enhance salt tolerance through genomic and molecular tools.

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Insights into Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Responses in Wheat under Salt Stress

Cited by 9 publications

References 130 publications

Comparing the Salt Tolerance of Different Spring Soybean Varieties at the Germination Stage

Comparing the Salt Tolerance of Different Spring Soybean Varieties at the Germination Stage

Response of winter wheat genotypes to salinity stress under controlled environments

Halophytes as new model plant species for salt tolerance strategies

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