Insights into old and new foes: Pan-genomics of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans

Sangal, Vartul; Burkovski, Andreas

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817076-2.00004-4

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…It is well-known that the genus Corynebacterium comprises species of industrial, medical or veterinary importance, in addition to human and animal commensals ( Bernard and Funke, 2015 ; Sangal and Burkovski, 2020 ). Currently, 133 validly named species (excluding synonyms) are listed in the LSPN database ( https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/corynebacterium ; accessed on September 30, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Corynebacterium is a diverse genus that encompass multiple species of industrial, medical or veterinary importance ( Bernard and Funke, 2015 ; Oliveira et al, 2017 ; Sangal and Burkovski, 2020 ). A number of corynebacterial species are commensals ( Brugger et al, 2016 ; Treerat et al, 2020 ) but some are notable pathogens including the human pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , which is not only primarily pathogenic to sheep but can also infect other animals ( Tauch and Burkovski, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenomic Reappraisal of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis, Mycolic Acid Biosynthesis and Clinical Relevance Among Members of the Genus Corynebacterium

et al. 2021

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The genus Corynebacterium encompasses many species of biotechnological, medical or veterinary significance. An important characteristic of this genus is the presence of mycolic acids in their cell envelopes, which form the basis of a protective outer membrane (mycomembrane). Mycolic acids in the cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been associated with virulence. In this study, we have analysed the genomes of 140 corynebacterial strains, including representatives of 126 different species. More than 50% of these strains were isolated from clinical material from humans or animals, highlighting the true scale of pathogenic potential within the genus. Phylogenomically, these species are very diverse and have been organised into 19 groups and 30 singleton strains. We find that a substantial number of corynebacteria lack FAS-I, i.e., have no capability for de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and must obtain fatty acids from their habitat; this appears to explain the well-known lipophilic phenotype of some species. In most species, key genes associated with the condensation and maturation of mycolic acids are present, consistent with the reports of mycolic acids in their species descriptions. Conversely, species reported to lack mycolic acids lacked these key genes. Interestingly, Corynebacterium ciconiae, which is reported to lack mycolic acids, appears to possess all genes required for mycolic acid biosynthesis. We suggest that although a mycolic acid-based mycomembrane is widely considered to be the target for interventions by the immune system and chemotherapeutics, the structure is not essential in corynebacteria and is not a prerequisite for pathogenicity or colonisation of animal hosts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomic Reappraisal of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis, Mycolic Acid Biosynthesis and Clinical Relevance Among Members of the Genus Corynebacterium

et al. 2021

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“…For example, various species within genus Corynebacterium have been isolated from animals, humans, marine and terrestrial environments including coral, river water, marine sediment, sand, soil and sewage (Dover et al, 2021 ). This genus also includes significant pathogens such as Corynebacterium diphtheriae , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Corynebacterium ulcerans that can cause life‐threatening diphtheria or diphtheria‐like infections in humans and animals (Sangal & Burkovski, 2020 ). Several members of the genera, such as Acinetobacter, Corynebacterium , Flavobacterium , Staphylococcus and Streptococcus , are common human skin microflora (Beasley et al, 2022 ; Byrd et al, 2018 ), but some of them are opportunistic pathogens with abilities to cause severe infections (Flowers & Grice, 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental microbiome in the home and daycare settings during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and potential risk of non‐communicable disease in children

McKay,

Crown,

Bashton

et al. 2024

Environ Microbiol Rep

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An exposure to diverse microbial population early in life is important for the development of immunity against various non‐communicable diseases including asthma, childhood leukaemia and other cancers. Social mixing in daycare settings helps with exposure to a variety of microbes. However, social isolation and a high emphasis on workplace hygiene during the COVID pandemic may have affected children's exposure to diverse microbiota. The structure of microbial communities and their role in developing immunity to various diseases are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the structure of microbial communities in daycare and home settings during the pandemic. Interestingly, microbial diversity was relatively higher in dust samples collected from homes, with human‐associated taxa being more prevalent compared to those from daycare settings. Environmental microbes were more abundant in dust samples from daycare providers. These results potentially suggest that cleaning practices during the pandemic may have influenced the diversity and microbial abundance of the daycare samples. Several bacterial taxa detected in both the environments are known to induce anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory responses, conferring protection from various diseases. Therefore, exposure to diverse microbial population in early childhood may play an important role in developing immunity against various non‐communicable and infectious diseases.

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“…The genus Corynebacterium encompasses species of industrial, medical and veterinary importance, such as the industrially important Corynebacterium glutamicum , which is used in manufacturing of several amino acids [7], and human pathogen C. diphtheriae, which is the causative agent of diphtheria [5, 8, 9]. More than 50 % of Corynebacterium species have been found to be associated with clinical conditions in humans or animals [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corynebacterium megadyptis sp. nov. with two subspecies, Corynebacterium megadyptis subsp. megadyptis subsp. nov. and Corynebacterium megadyptis subsp. dunedinense subsp. nov. isolated from yellow-eyed penguins

Nouioui

Saunderson

Midwinter

et al. 2023

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Novel Corynebacterium strains, 3BT and 7BT, were isolated from the oral cavities of young chicks of yellow-eyed penguins (hoiho), Megadyptes antipodes. A polyphasic taxonomic characterization of these strains revealed chemotaxonomic, biochemical and morphological features that are consistent with those of the genus Corynebacterium . The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between the strains and their closest phylogenetic neighbour, Corynebacterium ciconiae CCUG 47525T were 99.07 %, values that are in line with their phylogenomic positions within the evolutionary radiation of the genus Corynebacterium . Digital DNA–DNA hybridization values and average nucleotide identities between the genome sequences of the two strains and related Corynebacterium species were well below the defined threshold values (70 and 95–96 %, respectively) for prokaryotic species delineation. The genome size of these strains varied between 2.45–2.46 Mb with G+C content 62.7–62.9 mol%. Strains 3BT and 7BT were Gram-stain positive bacilli that were able to grow in presence of 0–10 % (w/v) NaCl and at temperature ranging between 20–37 °C. The major fatty acids (>15 %) were C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω9c, and the mycolic acid profile included 32–36 carbon atoms. We propose that these strains represent a novel species, Corynebacterium megadyptis sp. nov. with 3BT (=DSM 111184T=NZRM 4755T) as the type strain. Phylogenomically, strains 3BT and 7BT belong to two lineages with subtle differences in MALDI-TOF spectra, chemotaxonomic profiles and phenotypic properties. The fatty acid profile of strain 3BT contains C18 : 0 as a predominant type (>15 %), which is a minor component in strain 7BT. Strain 7BT can oxidize N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, l-serine, α-hydroxy-butyric acid, l-malic acid, l-glutamic acid, bromo-succinic acid and l-lactic acid, characteristics not observed in strain 3BT. Therefore, we propose that these strains represent two subspecies, namely Corynebacterium megadyptis subsp. megadyptis subsp. nov. (type strain, 3BT=DSM 111184T=NZRM 4755T) and Corynebacterium megadyptis subsp. dunedinense subsp. nov. (type strain, 7BT=DSM 111183T=NZRM 4756T).

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Insights into old and new foes: Pan-genomics of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans

Cited by 5 publications

References 85 publications

Phylogenomic Reappraisal of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis, Mycolic Acid Biosynthesis and Clinical Relevance Among Members of the Genus Corynebacterium

Phylogenomic Reappraisal of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis, Mycolic Acid Biosynthesis and Clinical Relevance Among Members of the Genus Corynebacterium

Environmental microbiome in the home and daycare settings during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and potential risk of non‐communicable disease in children

Corynebacterium megadyptis sp. nov. with two subspecies, Corynebacterium megadyptis subsp. megadyptis subsp. nov. and Corynebacterium megadyptis subsp. dunedinense subsp. nov. isolated from yellow-eyed penguins

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