Insights into neurosarcoidosis: an imaging perspective

Abstract

Neurosarcoidosis is a complex and multifaceted inflammatory disorder affecting the nervous system. The disease, characterized by non-caseating granulomas, primarily involves the central and peripheral nervous systems. Neuro­logical manifestations vary widely and can include cranial nerve palsies, meningeal involvement, parenchymal lesions, hydrocephalus, and more. Diagnosis remains challenging due to the lack of specific imaging features, necessitating a combination of clinical evaluation, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, imaging studies, and sometimes tissue biopsy. This review article underscores the importance of the identification of various imaging features to mitigate the mortality and morbidity associated with neurosarcoidosis.