Several toxic substances, such as nutrients, heavy metals, radionuclides, and pharmaceuticals, are continuously discharging to the environment, as a result of unaccountable industrial and agricultural activities, and contaminating huge quantities of soil and water. Nanotechnology was employed over the past years to remediate the contaminated waters and clean the environment from these pollutants to protect the life on the planet. Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is one of the most applied nanomaterials in the field of water and wastewater treatment and it is extensively utilized to remove a wide range of contaminants from water. Thus, this mini review intends to summarize the latest applications of nZVI and its composites in eliminating several nutrients and heavy metals, namely nitrate (NO3 -), phosphorous (P), chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As).