Insights into electromagnetic interaction mechanisms

Abstract

Low frequency (< 300 Hz) electromagnetic (EM) fields induce biological changes that include effects ranging from increased enzyme reaction rates to increased transcript levels for specific genes. The induction of stress gene HSP70 expression by exposure to EM fields provides insight into how EM fields interact with cells and tissues. Insights into the mechanism(s) are also provided by examination of the interaction of EM fields with moving charges and their influence on enzyme reaction rates in cell-free systems. Biological studies with in vitro model systems have focused, in general, on the nature of the signal transduction pathways involved in response to EM fields. It is likely, however, that EM fields also interact directly with electrons in DNA to stimulate biosynthesis. Identification of an EM field-sensitive DNA sequence in the heat shock 70 (HSP70) promoter, points to the application of EM fields in two biomedical applications: cytoprotection and gene therapy. EM field induction of the stress protein hsp70 may also provide a useful biomarker for establishing a science-based safety standard for the design of cell phones and their transmission towers.

Static magnetic field affects oxidative stress in mouse cochlea

“…this time point in the group exposed only to SMF. Possible explanation of this phenomenon is offered by the hypothesis presented by Blank and Goodman, who suggest that magnetic fields may increase expression of some proteins [13,14]. We have observed high SOD activity in group exposed to noise in comparison to control group 7 days after exposure.…”

The Main Approaches of Studying the Mechanisms of Action of Artificial Electromagnetic Fields on Cell

“…These sequences appear to act as Electromagnetic Field Response Elements (EMREs), since the ability of an EM field to induce stress proteins gradually disappears as the EMREs are mutated [18]. The EMF may interact directly with electrons in DNA and the electron transfer would result in gene expression [19]. Because of the low energy required, interaction with electrons in H-bonds may be the initial perturbation that leads double stranded DNA to come apart and begin the complex process of transcription to messenger RNA [20].…”

“…Th e medical applications of EMFs are reviewed by Rosch PJ, Markov MS; Andrä W, Nowak H; Markov MS [5][6][7]. Some of theoretical models proposed to explain the basic phenomena associated with cell exposure to EMF are presented in review articles [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Now some new data are emerging and the approaches to the problem of the action of electromagnetic factors on cells are changing in accordance to the new developments in biology as a whole.…”

Effects of aggregation on the permittivity of random media containing monodisperse spheres

“…19,20 Modeling the EM field at both the cellular level and at the macroscopic (effective field) level in tissues also has important applications in the assessment of the biological safety of EM fields from sources such as cell phones and power lines, in the determination of enzyme reaction rates and gene expression in cells exposed to EM fields, in the detection of breast and liver cancer with microwaves, and in radio-frequency and microwave ablation therapies for tumors. [21][22][23][24] Particle aggregation forms multiscale structures that include mesoscale aggregates or voids in addition to the microscale particles. Thus far the effective properties of these types of materials have yet to be modeled adequately, especially in terms of frequency domain response.…”