Insights into Desiccation and Self-Healing of Bentonite in Geosynthetic Clay Liners under Thermal Loads

Abstract

Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs) are widely used for protecting groundwater from pollution sources at the surface, including applications in which they are subject to significant thermal gradients. Hence, sodium bentonite in the GCL may undergo significant dehydration and cracking, and the GCL might fail as a result. The paper presents outcomes of a set of recent experimental and numerical investigations exploring the propensity of bentonite to desiccate and self-heal, as well as means of mitigating the effect of thermal gradients on the hydraulic conductivity of GCLs. An elasto-plastic thermo-hydro-mechanical model was found to yield reasonable predictions of experimental behaviour, except for the transient phase of pre-heating hydration. Introducing an airgap between the GCL and the heat source can reduce the extent of desiccation and its effects on hydraulic conductivity. However, the effectiveness of the solution will depend on other factors including subgrade, magnitude of thermal and mechanical loads and type of GCL.