2022
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132079
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Insights into current physical, chemical and hybrid technologies used for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with pharmaceuticals

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Cited by 52 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…Increasing the temperature of the feed water can cause an increase in the osmotic pressure of the feed water, which can lead to a reduction in water flux through the membrane. This can result in reduced efficiency of the RO process (Ghazal et al, 2022).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Increasing the temperature of the feed water can cause an increase in the osmotic pressure of the feed water, which can lead to a reduction in water flux through the membrane. This can result in reduced efficiency of the RO process (Ghazal et al, 2022).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Reduced effectiveness of membrane cleaning: High levels of total hardness can make it more difficult to effectively clean the RO membrane (Ghazal et al, 2022). This is because the scaling can become embedded in the membrane material and resist removal by cleaning agents.…”
Section: % (Removal)mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Various treatment techniques have been reported and established for wastewater remediation, including sedimentation [14,15], filtration [16,17], biofilms [18,19] and activated sludge [20,21]. However, these existing techniques encounter challenges in completely removing non-biodegradable pollutants due to constraints such as high chemical and energy consumption, prolonged reaction time, high operating costs, sludge generation and toxic gas release [22,23]. Therefore, semiconductor-based photocatalysts have drawn significant attention for wastewater remediation due to their capability to efficiently remove pollutants, transforming them into harmless by-products under light irradiation [24][25][26][27].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In recent years, there has been increased interest in the possibility of using various types of membranes to remove ECs and synthetic dyes from wastewater. In principle, membrane-based processes are considered more environmentally friendly than many traditional methods of removing these pollutants [ 21 , 22 ]. One type of liquid membranes (LMs) are polymer inclusion membranes, containing a polymer matrix, carrier, and most often a plasticizer, the use of which enables simultaneous extraction and re-extraction.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%