Insights into complex nanopillar-bacteria interactions: Roles of nanotopography and bacterial surface proteins

Ishak, Mohd I.; Jenkins, Joshua; Kulkarni, S.; Keller, Thomas F.; Briscoe, Wuge H.; Nobbs, Angela H.; Su, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.173

Cited by 26 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Another important objective should be to evaluate how bacteria die on the mechanobactericidal surfaces. As has been shown by Jenkins et al and Ishak et al, the number of bacteria dying from penetration does not necessarily equate to the total number of dead bacteria. That is why, to understand what mechanisms are at play in the bactericidal action of the test surface, it is important to quantify the number of bacteria that are dead specifically from penetration or deformation and compare it to the total number of dead bacteria.…”

Section: Techniques Used To Evaluate Bactericidal Surfaces and Bacter...mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In addition to the Gram stain, the possession of surface appendages has also been identified as an influencing factor (Figure i). In a recent study by Ishak et al, bacterial surface proteins have been observed to play a role in facilitating deformation of the cell wall, as represented in Figure i (top). Additionally, the motility and possession of motile appendages (e.g., fully active flagella) has been associated with a higher probability of bacteria being affected by the bactericidal surface .…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Bactericidal Activity Of Nanostructu...mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Critical Review of Nanopillar-Based Mechanobactericidal Systems

Hawi

Goel

Kumar

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria is the biggest threat to human health globally, as described by the World Health Organization. Mechanobactericidal surfaces provide a sustainable approach to addressing this concern by eradicating pathogens, especially bacteria, “right-at-the-point” of contacting the surface. However, the lack of a “design to manufacture” approach due to our limited understanding of the mechanobactericidal mechanism has impeded engineering optimization to develop scalable exploitation routes in various healthcare applications. It can be argued that the reason, most particularly, is the limitations and uncertainties associated with the current instrumentation and simulation capabilities, which has led to several streams of test protocols. This review highlights the current understanding on the mechanobactericidal mechanisms in light of the contributing factors and various techniques that are used to postulate these mechanisms. The review offers a critique on the variations observed on how nanostructured surfaces found in the literature have been evaluated such that the test protocols and outcomes are incomparable. The review also shows a strong need for developing more accurate models of a bacterium because the currently reported experimental data are insufficient to develop bacterial material models (constitutive equations). The review also alludes to the scarcity of direct experimental evidence of the mechanobactericidal mechanism, suggesting a strong need for further in situ monitoring as a future research direction.

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Section: Techniques Used To Evaluate Bactericidal Surfaces and Bacter...mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Factors Influencing the Bactericidal Activity Of Nanostructu...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Critical Review of Nanopillar-Based Mechanobactericidal Systems

Hawi

Goel

Kumar

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…The characteristic stick–slip length is obtained as the inverse of the peak position in k -space. The same approach as well as 1D Fourier analysis of stick–slip patterns have recently been reported for other surfaces, , and in one case, it has even been correlated with bacterial adhesion …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The same approach 39 as well as 1D Fourier analysis of stick−slip patterns have recently been reported for other surfaces, 45,46 and in one case, it has even been correlated with bacterial adhesion. 47 After the wear measurements, an area of about 2 × 2 μm 2 was imaged in quantitative imaging (QI) mode at a set point force of 25 nN. In these images, the worn 1 × 1 μm 2 area is located at the center.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Wear of Catechol-Containing Diblock Copolymer Layers: Wear Volume, Stick–Slip, and Nanomechanical Changes

et al. 2021

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Polymers containing catechol groups have gained a large interest, as they mimic an essential feature of mussel adhesive proteins that allow strong binding to a large variety of surfaces under water. This feature has made this class of polymers interesting for surface modification purposes, as layer functionalities can be introduced by a simple adsorption process, where the catechol groups should provide a strong anchoring to the surface. In this work, we utilize an AFM-based method to evaluate the wear resistance of such polymer layers in water and compare it with that offered by electrostatically driven adsorption. We pay particular attention to two block copolymer systems where the anchoring group in one case is an uncharged catechol-containing block and in the other case a positively charged and catechol-containing block. The wear resistance is evaluated in terms of wear volume, and here, we compare with data for similar copolymers with statistical distribution of the catechol groups. Monitoring of nanomechanical properties provides an alternative way of illustrating the effect of wear, and we use modeling to show that the stiffness, as probed by an AFM tip, of the soft layer residing on a hard substrate increases as the thickness of the layer decreases. The stick−slip characteristics are also evaluated.

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“…Many scientists have investigated the bactericidal mechanisms of nanostructures from the theoretical and experimental viewpoints. The relevant studies have revealed that nanostructures have four possible mechanisms: (i) direct penetration into the bacterial cell envelope, (ii) cell envelope stretching and rupture between nanostructures, , (iii) envelope deformation due to interactions between bacterial cells and nanostructures, and (iv) biochemical reactions due to surface protein , or autolytic enzyme activation after physical deformation . In all of these cases, the bacteria–nanopattern interaction is certainly the first trigger.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence Intensity of Liposomes and E. coli Attached to Nanopillar Arrays: Implications for Bacterial Death on Nanostructures

Daimon

Yanagisawa

Ishibashi

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Bacterial death on nanostructures has sparked great interest because the principle behind this phenomenon completely differs from that of conventional chemical antimicrobial agents. Physical interactions between the bacterial envelope and nanostructures generate forces that deform the cell membrane. Eventually, the cell envelope breaks, causing the cytoplasm to leak out. However, the events occurring between these stages are unclear. In this work, we used liposomes as pseudocells because they are composed of a lipid bilayer, which is similar to a cytoplasmic membrane. We monitored time-dependent changes in the fluorescence intensities of rhodamine 6G (R6G)-containing liposomes and mCherry-expressing Escherichia coli cells after adhering to Au nanostructure arrays (pitch; height; diameter = 500, 300, 283 nm) and compared the variations in the fluorescence intensities of the pseudo and E. coli cells over time. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was then performed to monitor the cell and liposome attachment. Ratio of change in R ct before and after the liposome injection was about 1.7, which means that R ct increased drastically due to the attachment of liposome. Similarly, ratio of change in R ct before and after the E. coli injection was about 1.15 due to the attachment of cell. The fluorescence intensity of mCherry quickly decreased after cell adhesion within 25 min, whereas that of R6G did not even at 60 min. This finding means that the liposomes were not broken down despite their mechanical strength being equal to or weaker than that of E. coli. The time constant (T) of the decrease in fluorescence intensity of E. coli was calculated by fitting the data to an exponential function and found to be −0.13 min −1 , which is in good agreement with our previous results. But we could not calculate the T of liposomes. The results indicate that the death of bacteria on nanostructures likely involves an autolytic mechanism.

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Insights into complex nanopillar-bacteria interactions: Roles of nanotopography and bacterial surface proteins

Cited by 26 publications

References 59 publications

Critical Review of Nanopillar-Based Mechanobactericidal Systems

Critical Review of Nanopillar-Based Mechanobactericidal Systems

Local Wear of Catechol-Containing Diblock Copolymer Layers: Wear Volume, Stick–Slip, and Nanomechanical Changes

Fluorescence Intensity of Liposomes and E. coli Attached to Nanopillar Arrays: Implications for Bacterial Death on Nanostructures

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