Insights for reducing the consumption of wildlife: The use of bear bile and gallbladder in Cambodia

Davis, Elizabeth; Veríssimo, Diogo; Crudge, Brian; Lim, Thona; Roth, Vichet; Glikman, Jenny Anne

doi:10.1002/pan3.10164

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In terms of latent, potential and improbable demand, much research effort has focused on the segmentation of consumer groups (Marshall et al., 2020; Shukhova & MacMillan, 2020), a critical advance in tailoring of interventions to particular user groups and ensuring that interventions move beyond the vagueness of attempting to target the entire population under the banner of ‘general public’ (Davis et al., 2020). In this respect, the use of techniques such as choice experiments can help explore how consumer preferences would react to different scenarios.…”

Section: Understanding Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influencing consumer demand is vital for tackling the illegal wildlife trade

2020

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Section: Understanding Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influencing consumer demand is vital for tackling the illegal wildlife trade

2020

Self Cite

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“…It has been further argued that every Khmer, even those who are higher status and may "scoff" at TM, uses Western medicine according to a traditional conceptualisation, e.g. where having a variety of treatments of varying mixtures is considered most effective at curing one’s health [ 19 ]; thus, medical pluralism, where both Western medicine and TM are used concurrently, is not uncommon [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Khmer Medicine and its role in wildlife use in modern-day Cambodia

Lim

Davis

Crudge

et al. 2022

J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine

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Individuals across Cambodia depend on the use of natural products in Traditional Khmer Medicine (TKM), a traditional medicine system in Cambodia that has been practiced for hundreds of years. Cambodia is rich in fauna and flora species, many of which have been, and continue to be, traded domestically for traditional medicine use. Combined with other known exploitative practices, such as snaring for wild meat consumption and international trade in wildlife, domestic trade in wildlife medicine threatens populations of regional conservation importance. Here, we provide an updated understanding about how TKM is practiced in modern times; how TKM practices are transmitted and adapted; and roles of wildlife part remedies in TKM historically and presently. We conducted semi-structured interviews with TKM practitioners in Stung Treng, Mondulkiri Province, and at the National Center for Traditional Medicine in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia. TKM is generally practiced in the private sector and is mostly informal, without enrollment in any academic training. TKM practitioner roles commonly involve collecting, preparing, selling, and advising on medicine, rather than providing direct treatment. Over half of the interviewed TKM practitioners (57.6%) were still prescribing wildlife parts as medicine over the past 5 years, with 28 species of wild animals reported. Lorises and porcupine were the wildlife products cited as being in highest demand in TKM, primarily prescribed for women’s illnesses such as post-partum fatigue (Toas and Sawsaye kchey). However, the supply of wildlife products sourced from the wild was reported to have dropped in the 5 years prior to the survey, which represents an opportunity to reduce prescription of threatened wildlife. We suggest that our results be used to inform tailored demand reduction interventions designed to encourage greater reliance on biomedicine and non-threatened plants, particularly in rural areas where use of biomedicine may still be limited.

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“…Researchers have used a variety of approaches to understand the drivers of public perceptions in order to inform conservation management (Bennett et al, 2016; Davis, Veríssimo, et al, 2020; Jefferson et al, 2015). Indeed, mixed‐method approaches—including the collection of both qualitative and quantitative data—have been useful in identifying solutions to the problems underlying biodiversity loss (Angula et al, 2018; Lecuyer, Calmé, Blanchet, Schmook, & White, 2019; Mellish, Ryan, Pearson, & Tuckey, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding motivations and attitudes among songbird‐keepers to identify best approaches to demand reduction

Marshall

Glorizky

Collar

et al. 2021

Conservat Sci and Prac

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Demand for cage birds is highly prevalent and increasing across Indonesia, as wild bird populations across Asia decline. To find ways to reduce demand, it is important to understand the motivations and psychographic drivers to keep (or not keep) birds, and how demographic characteristics and public attitudes influence such decisions. Based on surveys with over 3,000 people, we found few people citing health, sanitary, or welfare concerns as reasons for not keeping birds, whereas most people started keeping birds to enjoy their beauty or song, or to keep up with peers. Pet-keepers ("Hobbyists") commonly started doing so opportunistically; song contest participants ("Contestants") and breeders and trainers ("Breeders") did so for financial gain. Bird-keepers and non-bird-keepers disagreed on birds' environmental importance, longevity in captivity, and endangerment by trade. Older respondents were less concerned that keeping birds endangers them and few felt birds to be an important part of the environment. Hobbyists were least likely to consider wild bird population health a major concern. Efforts to dissuade potential bird-keepers should focus on public concern for the environment and the threat bird-keeping poses to wild populations. The importance of peer pressure among bird-keepers presents an opportunity to promote sustainable bird-keeping activities among key groups.

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Insights for reducing the consumption of wildlife: The use of bear bile and gallbladder in Cambodia

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Influencing consumer demand is vital for tackling the illegal wildlife trade

Influencing consumer demand is vital for tackling the illegal wildlife trade

Traditional Khmer Medicine and its role in wildlife use in modern-day Cambodia

Understanding motivations and attitudes among songbird‐keepers to identify best approaches to demand reduction

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