Insight on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Endometrial Receptivity

Abstract

Endometrial receptivity plays a crucial role in fertilization as well as pregnancy outcome in patients faced with fertility challenges. The optimization of endometrial receptivity may help with normal implantation of the embryo, and endometrial receptivity may be affected by numerous factors. Recently, the role of lipids in pregnancy has been increasingly recognized. Fatty acids and their metabolites may be involved in all stages of pregnancy and play a role in supporting cell proliferation and development, participating in cell signaling and regulating cell function. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular, are essential fatty acids for the human body that can affect the receptivity of the endometrium through in a variety of methods, such as producing prostaglandins, estrogen and progesterone, among others. Additionally, polyunsaturated fatty acids are also involved in immunity and the regulation of endometrial decidualization. Fatty acids are essential for fetal placental growth and development. The interrelationship of polyunsaturated fatty acids with these substances and how they may affect endometrial receptivity will be reviewed in this article.

Transcriptomic analysis of mid‐secretory endometrium reveals essential immune factors associated with pregnancy after single euploid blastocyst transfer

“…53 Fatty acid metabolism is reported to regulate decidualization. 54 Two enzymes, ELOVL5 and ACAA2, which were identified as DEGs in our study, were involved in the enriched 'fatty acid elongation' pathway (Figures 3E and Tables S2 and S3). Upregulation of ELOVL5 may disturb the production of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids of different chain lengths, which may cause decidualization dysfunction through lipid peroxidation.…”

“…Upregulation of ELOVL5 may disturb the production of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids of different chain lengths, which may cause decidualization dysfunction through lipid peroxidation. 54 Downregulation of ACAA2 may reduce the breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA and energy, leading to impaired decidualization and embryo implantation. 55 Similarly, dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism might alter steroid hormone synthesis affecting the acceptance and maintenance of a competent blastocyst in the non-pregnant group.…”

Interaction between Cervical Microbiota and Host Gene Regulation in Caesarean Section Scar Diverticulum

“…In the CSD group, N-(3-hydroxy-eicosanoyl)-homoserine lactone and Ternatin were significantly increased, while various fatty acids were significantly decreased. Several of these fatty acids, which were decreased in the CSD group, were previously shown to have protective effects on the endometrium, including 12-Oxo-2,3-dinor-10,15-phytodienoic acid, and 3-Methylsuberic acid ( 22 ). N-(3-hydroxy-eicosanoyl)-homoserine lactone has been shown to promote apoptosis of various cells in vivo , including macrophages ( 23 ), vascular endothelial cells ( 24 ), and fibroblasts ( 25 ), through mitochondrial damage received by reactive oxygen species.…”

Oil‐based contrast for hysterosalpingography‐regulated Th1/Th2‐type cytokines and alleviated inflammation in rats with LPS‐induced chronic endometritis

“…Dietary supplementation with PUFAs showed an association with clinical pregnancy and improved folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation and ovulation, embryo quality and implantation, placentation and the female reproductive lifespan 24 . PUFAs are also involved in immunity and the regulation of endometrial decidualization 25 . Reports have shown that PUFAs have immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory effects and have been shown to activate IL‐4‐driven Th2 cells and to directly inhibit the IL‐2‐induced activation of Th1 cells 26 .…”