Insight into the synergetic, steric and energetic properties of zeolitization and cellulose fiber functionalization of diatomite during the adsorption of Cd(ii): advanced equilibrium studies

Abstract

The adsorption potentiality of zeolitized diatomite (ZD) frustules and their cellulose hybridized (C/ZD) product for Cd(ii) ions was assessed in synergetic studies to investigate the impact of the modification processes.

Advanced Equilibrium Modeling for the Synergetic Effect of β-Cyclodextrin Integration on the Adsorption Efficiency of Methyl Parathion by β-Cyclodextrin/Exfoliated Kaolinite Nanocomposite

“…The chemically active groups of K, EXK, and β-CD/EXK were continuing to deprotonate as the alkaline levels of MP solutions escalated, and their outermost layers became totally saturated with negative electrical charges . Since the exteriors of K, EXK, and β-CD/EXK are dominated by negative charges, they act as centers for the electrostatic attractions for the positively charged soluble molecules of MP . The established pH values of these structures are in agreement with the previously reported uptake behaviors of MP as a function of solution pH [pH (ZPC) = 7 (K), 7.3 (EXK), and 6.4 (β-CD/EXK)].…”

“…12,19 As a result, synthesized adsorbents derived from naturally occurring substances have recently been evaluated and presented as highly efficient and prospective adsorbents that might be employed for eliminating many different types of organic contaminants from water. 20,21 The purification of both organic and inorganic contaminants has been recently investigated using sophisticated modified varieties of clay mineral as cost-effective, extremely effective, and environmentally friendly structures. 22,23 Kaolinite (K) is a type of natural clay minerals that has a hydrated aluminum silicate composition and 1:1 tetrahedron/octahedron multilayered units.…”

“…As a result, synthesized adsorbents derived from naturally occurring substances have recently been evaluated and presented as highly efficient and prospective adsorbents that might be employed for eliminating many different types of organic contaminants from water. , The purification of both organic and inorganic contaminants has been recently investigated using sophisticated modified varieties of clay mineral as cost-effective, extremely effective, and environmentally friendly structures. , Kaolinite (K) is a type of natural clay minerals that has a hydrated aluminum silicate composition and 1:1 tetrahedron/octahedron multilayered units. − Despite the fact that K is abundant naturally and relatively cost-effective as compared with other commercial clay minerals such as montmorillonite, there are insufficient studies on the mineral’s potential to serve as a precursor for both environmental and medicinal uses. ,, This was attributed to the determinedly small surface area, limited ion exchange potential, and poor ability to absorb soluble ions in contrast with bentonite. , As a result, a number of modification methods, including organic hybridization, exfoliation, scrolling, polymeric integration, and inorganic surface decoration, have been effectively employed to improve both the physical and chemical characteristics of K …”

Advanced Equilibrium Studies for the Synergetic Impact of Polyaniline on the Adsorption of Rhodamine B Dye by Polyaniline/Coal Composite

“…The categorization of physically occurring mechanistic activities is based on the adsorption energy values. These types of interactions include coordinating exchange (40 kJ/mol), forces of dipole bonds (2–29 kJ/mol), hydrogen bonds (<30 kJ/mol), van der Waals force (4–10 kJ/mol), and hydrophobic bonds (5 kJ/mol). , The mathematical calculation of the RB uptake energies (Δ E ) was performed using eq , which incorporates the solubility of RB in water ( S ), gas constant ( R = 0.008314 kJ/mol·K), the RB concentrations during the half-saturation states of CA and PANI/C, and the absolute temperature ( T ) normalΔ E = R T ln ( S C ) …”

“…The observed behavior can potentially be attributed to changes in the quantity and types of functional receptors of RB molecules with the variations in temperature conditions after the experimental integration of PA chains. 56,57 Steric Properties: Occupied Active Site Density (N m ). The density of the RB-occupied sites (N m(RB) ) of CA and PANI/C substantially represents the total quantity of the free and efficient adsorption receptors across the exteriors of its nanoparticles during the reaction (Figure 8B and Table 3).…”