Insight into the structure–activity relationship in electrochromism of WO3 with rational internal cavities for broadband tunable smart windows

Tong, Xingrui; Wang, Jinhui; Zhang, Ping; Lei, Pengyang; Gao, Yi; Ren, Ruirui; Zhang, Siyu; Zhang, Rui; Wang, Zhuanpei

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2023.144130

Cited by 22 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) was 2.04 nm, 2.22 nm, 2.33 nm, 2.64 n 2.82 nm, 3.15 nm. The surface roughness of the WO3 films was found to incre First, the in situ heating process is suspected to have converted the physically adsorbed W and O atoms on the substrate into chemisorbed species [19], substantially increasing the amount of adsorbed material. This was reflected in the WO 3 −RT film, which had a thickness of only about 280 nm, whereas the films for WO 3 −100, WO 3 −150, WO 3 −200, WO 3 −250, and WO 3 −300 exhibited significantly greater thicknesses, ranging from 350 nm to 370 nm.…”

Section: Surface Morphology Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of In Situ Heating on the Growth and Electrochromic Properties of Tungsten Trioxide Thin Films

Xu,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Materials

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Electrochromism has emerged as a pivotal technology in the pursuit of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability, spurring significant research efforts aimed at the creation of advanced electrochromic devices. Most electrochromic materials are used for smart window applications. However, current electrochromic materials have been applied to new energy vehicles, cell phone back covers, AR glasses, and so on. More application scenarios put forward more requirements for the color of the colored states. Choosing the right color change in the application will be the trend in the future. In this work, tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin films were prepared by adjusting the in situ heating temperature. WO3 with a crystalline structure showed excellent cyclic stability (5000 cycles), electrochromic performance (ΔT = 77.7% at 633 nm, CE = 37.1 cm2/C), relatively fast bleaching/coloring speed (20.0 s/19.4 s), and the darkest coloring effect (L* = 29.32, a* = 7.41, b* = −22.12 for the colored state). These findings offer valuable insights into the manipulation of smart materials and devices, contributing to the advancement of electrochromic technology.

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Section: Surface Morphology Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of In Situ Heating on the Growth and Electrochromic Properties of Tungsten Trioxide Thin Films

Xu,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…Particularly, electrochromic devices based on low-cost transition metal oxides (MoO 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , NiO, Cr 2 O 3 , WO 3 ) have attracted considerable attention 6 – 10 . Wherein amorphous WO 3 is the best known electrochromic material and one of the advance materials entering the smart window market 11 , 12 . The excellent electrochromic performance and cycle stability of WO 3 have been demonstrated in early research work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of TiO2/WO3/TiO2 double heterojunction films for excellent electrochromic performance

Lv,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Electrochromic devices are applied extensively to camouflages, smart windows, heat insulation layers, and automobile rearview mirrors, etc. The amorphous WO3 is a very attractive electrochromic material, whereas it suffers from degradation of optical modulation and reversibility on ion exchange owing to those deep trapped ions with irreversible reaction behavior. Herein, we designed and, by using magnetron sputtering, prepared a composite film with TiO2/WO3/TiO2 double heterojunctions, which is capable of eliminating the deep trapped ions by itself under ultraviolet light (UV) assistance. The electrochromic device based on this composite film, after being recovery by short-time UV irradiation, can maintain a high transmission modulation of 94.72% after 7000 cycles of the voltammetry measurement. This feature allows the device to maintain its initial electrochromic performance after prolonged use. Moreover, the double heterojunction structure can reduce colouring time and enormously improve the colouration efficiency (CE) of electrochromic devices. Experimental research shows that when the thickness of the bottom and upper TiO2 layer of the WO3 film was 145.5 nm and 97.0 nm, respectively, the CE of electrochromic devices reached a perfectly high value (479.3 cm2/C), being much higher than that of WO3 devices (69.5 cm2/C). Functions of the TiO2/WO3/TiO2 double heterojunction in electrochromic device were investigated by combining theoretical analysis and experiment validation, and these results provide a general framework for developing and designing superior electrochromic materials and devices.

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“…Depending on the amount and size of the alkali metal, tetragonal tungsten bronzes or hexagonal tungsten bronzes can be formed. 17 The hexagonal channels in the M x WO 3 bronze framework ensure rapid ion diffusion, 18 and the presence of edge-sharing octahedra in the a-b plane of the bronze phase structure effectively reduces the band gap energy, 19 which is beneficial for lithium-ion battery electrodes. 20 However, the unfavorable occupation of electrochemically inactive alkali metal ions reduces the number of insertion sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Bronze Phase Materials Containing Two Transition Metals

Luo,

Le Calvez,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Chem. Mater.

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Bronze phase transition-metal oxides have recently attracted attention as high-rate lithium-ion battery anode materials. Their crystal structures are distinguished by large tunnels and an open framework, facilitating lithium-ion diffusion and high-rate charge–discharge properties. The presence of two transition metals also offers a route to achieve high energy density from multielectron redox. In this paper, we report the chemistry, structure, and electrochemical properties of two different bronze phase compositions having the same stoichiometry: W3Nb2O14 and Mo3Nb2O14. These materials provide insight into how the transition metals affect the electrochemical behavior and structural stability of bronze phase materials. Mo3Nb2O14 exhibits greater than 1 electron redox per transition metal leading to lithium capacities above 200 mAh g–1 at C/2 but is unable to maintain this high capacity at high rates due to incomplete Mo redox reactions. In contrast, W3Nb2O14 exhibits reversible redox reactions and retains its open structure on cycling. This study highlights the potential of bronze phase materials containing two transition metals to exhibit fast charging properties with a high energy density.

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Insight into the structure–activity relationship in electrochromism of WO3 with rational internal cavities for broadband tunable smart windows

Cited by 22 publications

References 55 publications

Effect of In Situ Heating on the Growth and Electrochromic Properties of Tungsten Trioxide Thin Films

Effect of In Situ Heating on the Growth and Electrochromic Properties of Tungsten Trioxide Thin Films

Construction of TiO2/WO3/TiO2 double heterojunction films for excellent electrochromic performance

Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Bronze Phase Materials Containing Two Transition Metals

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