Insight into the roles of melatonin in bone tissue and bone‑related diseases (Review)

Abstract

Bone-related diseases comprise a large group of common diseases, including fractures, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (OA), which affect a large number of individuals, particularly the elderly. The progressive destruction and loss of alveolar bone caused by periodontitis is a specific type of bone loss, which has a high incidence and markedly reduces the quality of life of patients. With the existing methods of prevention and treatment, the incidence and mortality of bone-related diseases are still gradually increasing, creating a significant financial burden to societies worldwide. To prevent the occurrence of bone-related diseases, delay their progression or reverse the injuries they cause, new alternative or complementary treatments need to be developed. Melatonin exerts numerous physiological effects, including inducing anti-inflammatory and antioxidative functions, resetting circadian rhythms and promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration. Melatonin also participates in the health management of bone and cartilage. In the present review, the potential roles of melatonin in the pathogenesis and progression of bone injury, osteoporosis, OA and periodontitis are summarized. Furthermore, the high efficiency and diversity of the physiological regulatory effects of melatonin are highlighted and the potential benefits of the use of melatonin for the clinical prevention and treatment of bone-related diseases are discussed.

Therapeutic Target Analysis and Molecular Mechanism of Melatonin - Treated Leptin Resistance Induced Obesity: A Systematic Study of Network Pharmacology

“…The cytokines involved in systemic inflammation and acutephase reactions are TNFa and IL-6. Elevated serum cytokine levels, particularly IL-6 and TNFa, were observed in obese subjects (59,60). The obesity patients with increased BMI had abnormal circulation of inflammatory cytokines and are strongly associated in developing severe respiratory failure in COVID-19 (61,62).…”

The Role of Inflammasome NLPR3 in the Development and Therapy of Periodontitis

“…A meta-analysis showed that melatonin supplementation (topical and systemic) in periodontitis patients improved key periodontal parameters including pocket depth and clinical attachment loss 129 . Researches of melatonin on bone repair and regeneration showed that melatonin could promote new bone regeneration and increase the number of osteoblast-like cells 130 . A systematic review and meta-analysis of melatonin adjuvant therapy for periodontitis illustrated that melatonin can significantly improve the periodontal status after non-surgical treatment for periodontitis, and the efficacy is correlated with drug dose 131 .…”

The therapeutic effect and mechanism of melatonin on osteoarthritis: From the perspective of non-coding RNAs

“…The imbalance of endogenous hormones, including melatonin, leads to the expression of inflammation-related cytokines and matrix degradation-related proteases in articular cartilage, causing cartilage erosion, synovitis, and osteophyte formation ( Hossain et al, 2019 ). Compared with other drugs, melatonin has a wide range of advantages and almost no side effects ( Lu et al, 2021b ).…”