Insight into the Role and Strategies of Metal–Organic Frameworks in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells: A Review

Abstract

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) offer significant promise for compact gadgets, cars, and immobile power sources toward the simple storage of wet fuel as one of the effective alternative power sources, with minimal environmental effects and elevated energy density. Various basic and technical problems, such as slow methanol electrooxidation, methanol crossover, cathode oversupply, and high precious metal usage, prevent the commercialization of DMFCs. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) possess multiple benefits, such as very substantial surface-to-volume ratios and the potential to be functionalized with multivalent ligands and metal centers to improve fuel cell avidity. MOFs’ unique characteristics as energy materials have been put to good use in the development of high-performance DMFCs. This review highlights, provides insight into, and discusses the future potential role and approach of MOFs and their obtained materials in designing an efficient DMFC, as well as a mechanistic approach to MOFs in DMFCs. Additionally, in this review, methods for resolving these problems that have been reported in recent years toward the commercialization of DMFCs are discussed. Additionally, the progress of an economical, simple, and more structured DMFC, including a MOF catalyst as an evergreen requirement, is mentioned.

Review on Chitosan and Two-Dimensional MoS2-Based Proton Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cell Application: Advances and Perspectives

“…Nevertheless, the over consumption of petroleum-based energy resources to achieve this goal has resulted in the exhaustion of nonrenewable fossil fuel reserves. Moreover, producing different pollutants is hazardous to both the environment and public health, with both short- and long-term repercussions . The need for green and clean energy has sparked a lot of research interest in finding new ways to reduce problems, including the energy crisis, air pollution, and global warming.…”

On the role of graphene oxide in bifunctional Ni/MOF/rGO composites in electrochemical nitrate detection and oxygen evolution reaction

“…[54][55][56] Among the many porous materials, MOFs and MOF-derived materials can stand out and be excellent choices because (1) they have various pore sizes and shapes to meet the unique requirements of metal nanoparticles; (2) they have high porosity and specific surface areas to carry metal nanoparticles; and (3) understanding catalysis requires precisely defining the MOF structure and making sure that the pore structure is easily tailored to make sure that the surrounding environment is not affected. [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] The oxygen evolution reaction or OER for short, is a limiting reaction in chemical processes that produce molecular oxygen: oxidation of water during oxygenic photosynthesis, electrolysis of water into oxygen and hydrogen, and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution from oxides and oxoacids. [66][67][68][69][70] The advancement of numerous distinct renewable energy technologies depends on the creation of improved catalysts for the OER.…”

“…54–56 Among the many porous materials, MOFs and MOF-derived materials can stand out and be excellent choices because (1) they have various pore sizes and shapes to meet the unique requirements of metal nanoparticles; (2) they have high porosity and specific surface areas to carry metal nanoparticles; and (3) understanding catalysis requires precisely defining the MOF structure and making sure that the pore structure is easily tailored to make sure that the surrounding environment is not affected. 54–65…”

Recent Advances of Pore Structure in Disordered Carbons for Sodium Storage: A Mini Review

“…For anode materials, alloys, transition metal oxides, metal-organic frameworks and various carbonaceous materials have been widely reported in recent years. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Similarly, multiple strategies were adopted to enhance performance that involve morphology-design to promote ions diffusion [28][29] and defect-introduction to create active sites, [30] and so on.…”

“…In terms of cathode materials, a series of elaborate compounds including layered oxides, Prussian blue, polyanionic compounds, organic materials, [6–11] and advanced technologies such as heteroatom‐doping, [12–15] surface modification, [16–17] heterojunction building, [18–20] have been developed to achieve high energy density and excellent stability. For anode materials, alloys, transition metal oxides, metal‐organic frameworks and various carbonaceous materials have been widely reported in recent years [21–27] . Similarly, multiple strategies were adopted to enhance performance that involve morphology‐design to promote ions diffusion [28–29] and defect‐introduction to create active sites, [30] and so on.…”