Insight into the Microstructure of FRW Universe from a P-V Phase Transition

Abstract

The P-V phase transition of the FRW (Friedmann-Robertson-Walker) universe with a perfect fluid has recently been investigated, revealing that the four critical exponents near the critical point are consistent with the values predicted by mean field theory. Notably, the coexistence phase of the P-V phase transition in the FRW universe above the critical temperature, which distinguishes it from van der Waals system and most of AdS black holes system. This unique property allows us to investigate the microstructure of the FRW universe as a thermodynamic system. Our analysis of the Ruppeiner geometry for the FRW universe reveals that the behavior of the thermodynamic scalar curvature near criticality is characterized by a dimensionless constant identical to that of the van der Waals fluid. Additionally, we observe that while repulsive interactions dominate for the coexistence samll phase with higher temperature, the scalar curvature for the coexistence large phase is always negative, indicating attractive interactions, providing new insights into the nature of interactions among the perfect fluid matter constituents in the expanding FRW universe.