Insight into the ionotropic gelation of chitosan using tripolyphosphate and pyrophosphate as cross-linkers

Sacco, Pasquale; Paoletti, Sergio; Cok, Michela; Asaro, Fioretta; Abrami, Michela; Grassi, Mario; Donati, Ivan

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.056

Cited by 69 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A pH sensitive polymer gel can be prepared by chemically linking d , l -lactic acid with -NH 2 groups of the chitosan for an application in the drug delivery to the different regions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) [22]. Lactose modification of the chitosan backbone (1-deoxylactit-1-yl chitosan) has been used in combination with the polyvalent ion tripolyphosphate (TPP) to form colloidal coacervates though polyionic interactions, forming highly uniform and small (200 nm diameter) nanoparticles [23,24]. …”

Section: Modification Of Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Its Application in Non-Parenteral Drug Delivery

et al. 2017

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The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the chitosan based nanoparticles for various non-parenteral applications and also to put a spotlight on current research including sustained release and mucoadhesive chitosan dosage forms. Chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer regarded as safe for human dietary use and approved for wound dressing applications. Chitosan has been used as a carrier in polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery through various routes of administration. Chitosan has chemical functional groups that can be modified to achieve specific goals, making it a polymer with a tremendous range of potential applications. Nanoparticles (NP) prepared with chitosan and chitosan derivatives typically possess a positive surface charge and mucoadhesive properties such that can adhere to mucus membranes and release the drug payload in a sustained release manner. Chitosan-based NP have various applications in non-parenteral drug delivery for the treatment of cancer, gastrointestinal diseases, pulmonary diseases, drug delivery to the brain and ocular infections which will be exemplified in this review. Chitosan shows low toxicity both in vitro and some in vivo models. This review explores recent research on chitosan based NP for non-parenteral drug delivery, chitosan properties, modification, toxicity, pharmacokinetics and preclinical studies.

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Section: Modification Of Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Its Application in Non-Parenteral Drug Delivery

et al. 2017

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“…This situation favors its electrostatic interactions with negatively charged species. A high number of polyanions have been used, but non‐toxic TPP is possibly the most employed anionic crosslinker to produce the gelation of CS …”

Section: Most Used Species For Igmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionotropic gelation method in the synthesis of nanoparticles/microparticles for biomedical purposes

Pedroso‐Santana

Fleitas‐Salazar

2020

Polymer International

146

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The encapsulation of drugs inside polymeric nanoparticles/microparticles is a strategy currently employed in the search for new and more effective therapies. The use of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers gives several advantages to these formulations. Protection of the active principals against the action of environmental and physiological agents, the reduced number of doses and a subsequent decrease in drug-related adverse effects, and increased bioavailability are some of these advantages. Several methods and materials are now used to synthesize nanoparticles/microparticles for biomedical applications, from carbon-derived structures to metallic and lipid particles. However, among the methods using polymers, ionotropic gelation is one of the more affordable and easier procedures to perform in daily laboratory work. In this mini-review, we address relevant characteristics of ionotropic gelation, beginning with basic aspects of the technique, which reagents and conditions are commonly used, the factors affecting the stability of the formulation, the advantages and disadvantages of the method and some principal characterization techniques for the nanoparticulate/microparticulate formulation. Finally, we conclude with a few important considerations.

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“…(ii) Chit is cost-effective, eco-friendly, bio-compatible, and has a low permeability to methanol [3,4]. (iii) Unlike chitin, Chit is soluble in water under slightly acidic conditions due to the presence of ammine groups in diluted organic acids [5][6][7]. This allows gel formation in various configurations [8].…”

Section: Why Chitosan?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionotropic Gelation of Chitosan for Next-Generation Composite Proton Conducting Flat Structures

Bocchetta

2020

Molecules

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(1) Background: Ionotropic gelation of cost-effective and eco-friendly biopolymer chitosan (Chit) is a novel and promising approach to the one-step synthesis of proton-conducting fuel cell bio-membranes.The method discovered by the author in 2011 and subsequently drowned among very few papers. This work aimed to relaunch this method through clear and effective communication of new unpublished results emphasizing the key aspects of this topic for successful dissemination of the results and significant future developments. (2) Methods and results: The mechanism of in-situ ionotropic gelation of Chit on an alumina substrate by phosphotungtate anions (PWA3−) was discussed and analyzed. The study sheds light on the effect of prolonged post-treatment in phosphotungstic acid (PWA) solution on the obtained chitosan/phosphotungstate (Chit-PWA) flat structures. Methods used included combined structural (XRD), thermal-gravimetric (DTG), electrochemical (in-situ EIS), compositional (EDX),morphological analysis (SEM), as well as the performances in a low temperature H2/O2 fuel cell(4) Conclusions: This contribution discloses novel possibilities aimed at increasing the impact of ionotropic gelation of chitosan on the scientific community working on the synthesis of novel proton conductive bio-composite membranes and structures.

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Insight into the ionotropic gelation of chitosan using tripolyphosphate and pyrophosphate as cross-linkers

Cited by 69 publications

References 34 publications

An Overview of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Its Application in Non-Parenteral Drug Delivery

An Overview of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Its Application in Non-Parenteral Drug Delivery

Ionotropic gelation method in the synthesis of nanoparticles/microparticles for biomedical purposes

Ionotropic Gelation of Chitosan for Next-Generation Composite Proton Conducting Flat Structures

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