Insight into the functional mechanisms of nitrogen-cycling inhibitors in decreasing yield-scaled ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission: A global meta-analysis

Impacts of Climate Change and Agricultural Practices on Nitrogen Processes, Genes, and Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions: A Quantitative Review of Meta-Analyses

“…To meet the ever-increasing demands for food and energy, substantial quantities of chemical fertilizers, notably inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizers, are routinely applied to agricultural lands each year. Although essential for production, this practice has created a serious problem: the release of soil greenhouse gases, most notably nitrous oxide (N 2 O), into the atmosphere [4,5]. The repeated and excessive use of N fertilizers, coupled with N deposition and climate change, has amplified challenges related to nitrate leaching and N 2 O emissions.…”

“…Global N 2 O emissions stemming from N inputs have surged by more than 30% in the past four decades [7,14]. Projections suggest that by 2030, N 2 O emissions from croplands could make up 59% of global N 2 O emissions [5,15]. This heightened N 2 O emission disrupts greenhouse gas balances, offsetting the climate benefits gained from CO 2 removal and other climate mitigation strategies [2,16].…”

“…Soil N 2 O production and soil N cycling are intricately influenced by a diverse array of functional soil microorganisms [5,17,18]. Key players in this context include amoA genes of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), along with crucial functional genes such as narG (encoding nitrate reductase), nirK and nirS (encoding nitrite reductase), and norB and nosZ (encoding nitrous oxide reductase) genes [5,8,19]. These genes are significant actors in soil nitrification and denitrification processes.…”

“…These genes are significant actors in soil nitrification and denitrification processes. It is important to note that these nitrifying and denitrifying genes can be influenced by many factors, including climate change and various agricultural practices, leading to modifications in soil N transformation rates [5,20,21]. Consequently, evaluating the impacts of global climate change and agricultural practices on N cycling, especially concerning nitrification and denitrification, holds significant importance, as their effects on these microbial processes can induce positive feedback on climate change [7,22].…”

“…Due to the inconsistency among different individual studies, metaanalysis has been utilized to synthesize the results from these studies. Recently, a surge in meta-analyses has sought to quantify the impacts of these factors and practices [5,8,14,22]. However, these meta-analyses have, at times, produced varying results, promoting the need for a comprehensive evaluation [25].…”