Insight into the antibacterial resistance of graphdiyne functionalized by silver nanoparticles

Abstract

Objectives: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) tend to aggregate spontaneously due to larger surface-to-volume ratio, which causes decreased antibacterial activity and even enhanced antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Here, we aim to improve the stability of AgNPs by employing a growth anchor graphdiyne (GDY) to overcome these shortcomings.Materials and Methods: Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli were selected to represent gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-EDS mapping and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were carried out to characterize the physiochemical properties of materials.The antimicrobial property was determined by turbidimetry and plate colonycounting methods. The physiology of bacteria was detected by SEM and confocal imaging, such as morphology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell membrane. Results:We successfully synthesized a hybrid graphdiyne @ silver nanoparticles (GDY@Ag) by an environment-friendly approach without any reductants. The hybrid showed high stability and excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity towards both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It killed bacteria through membrane destruction and ROS production. Additionally, GDY@Ag did not induce the development of the bacterial resistance after repeated exposure.Conclusions: GDY@Ag composite combats bacteria by synergetic action of GDY and AgNPs. Especially, GDY@Ag can preserve its bacterial susceptibility after repeated exposure compared to antibiotics. Our findings provide an avenue to design innovative antibacterial agents for effective sterilization.Simin Qin and Mo Xie are contributed equally to this work.

YTHDF1 mediates N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea‐induced gastric carcinogenesis by controlling HSPH1 translation

“…MNU is an effective nitroso compound for gastric carcinogenemouse model construction. [36][37][38][39][40][41] Nitroso compounds promote the occurrence of malignant tumours by inducing DNA damage and activating downstream pathways that regulate cancer onset and development. [42][43][44] Innovatively, we explored the role of m6A modification in GC development.…”

“…That is, we used 1/5th of the MNU dosage reported in other studies to avoid negatively affecting cell viability in the short term. MNU is an effective nitroso compound for gastric carcinogenesis mouse model construction 36–41 …”

“…MNU is an effective nitroso compound for gastric carcinogenesis mouse model construction. 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 …”

Engineering a pH‐responsive polymeric micelle co‐loaded with paclitaxel and triptolide for breast cancer therapy

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Machine Learning Tools to Assist the Synthesis of Antibacterial Carbon Dots

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