Insight into species diversity of the Trichostrongylidae Leiper, 1912 (Nematoda: Strongylida) in ruminants

Wyrobisz, A.; Kowal, Jerzy; Nosal, Paweł

doi:10.1017/s0022149x15001017

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…( 44 )], including species of trichostrongylids from ungulates ( 45 – 47 ). Especially specimens of the Trichostrongylus and members of the Ostertagiinae subfamily are notoriously difficult to determine to species level, and a number of different names (valid or invalid) can be found in the literature which further complicate species assignment ( 48 ). T. axei seems to be a real generalist as has been shown by transmission experiments (see above), and this is corroborated by its genetic population structure with high diversity and high gene flow between sympatric hosts ( 49 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Helminths between Species of Ruminants in Austria Appears More Likely to Occur than Generally Assumed

2018

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Helminth infections of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs can lead to devastating economical losses to the pastoral based animal production. Farm animals can suffer from malnutrition, tissue damage, and blood loss resulting in impaired production traits and reproduction parameters. In Austria, pastures grazed by sheep, goats, and cattle overlap with the habitats of several species of wild cervids (roe deer, red deer, sika deer, and fallow deer) and bovids (mouflon, chamois, and ibex), and transmission of parasites between different ruminant species seems likely. A complete and updated overview on the occurrence of helminths of domestic and wild ruminants in Austria is presented. Based on these data, intersections of the host spectrum of the determined parasites were depicted. The “liability index” was applied to identify the ruminant species, which most likely transmit parasites between each other. A degree for host specificity was calculated for each parasite species based on the average taxonomic distance of their host species. Of the 73 identified helminth species 42 were identified as generalists, and 14 transmission experiments supported the assumed broad host specificity for 14 generalists and 1 specialist helminth species. Overall, 61 helminths were found to infect more than one host species, and 4 were found in all 10 ruminant species investigated. From these analyses, it can be concluded that a number of helminth parasites of the gastrointestinal tract and the lungs are potentially transmitted between domestic and wild ruminants in Austria. For some parasites and host species, experimental evidence is in support for possible transmission, while for other such studies are lacking. Host preference of different genotypes of the same parasite species may have a confounding effect on the evaluation of cross-transmission, but so far this has not been evaluated systematically in helminths in Austria. Further studies focusing on experimental cross-transmission and genetic characterization are needed to define the potential consequences for the epidemiology of those parasites, animal welfare, and economic impact.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Helminths between Species of Ruminants in Austria Appears More Likely to Occur than Generally Assumed

2018

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“…Ostertagia ostertagi and Ostertagia lyrata were considered as two morphotypes of a single species (LICHTENFELS et al, 1988;WYROBISZ et al, 2016).…”

Section: Experimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth infections and hybridization between Haemonchus contortus and Haemonchus placei in sheep from Santana do Livramento, Brazil

Almeida

Bassetto

Amarante

et al. 2018

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The occurrence and intensity of helminth infections were evaluated in sheep from pastures shared with cattle. In 2015 and 2016, young male sheep acquired in Santana do Livramento, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were finished in integrated crop-livestock system. We selected the 12 sheep that showed the highest number of nematode eggs per gram of faeces to search for worms in the gastrointestinal tract. Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis were the major parasites. H. contortus presented mean intensities of 1,159 and 257 worms in 2015 and 2016, respectively. T. colubriformis displayed mean intensities of 4,149 and 2,427 worms in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Of the 127 male specimens of Haemonchus spp. analysed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), 125 were H. contortus, one Haemonchus placei and one hybrid. Other species detected were Cooperia punctata , Cooperia pectinata, Cooperia spatulata, Cooperia curticei, Ostertagia ostertagi, Teladorsagia circumcincta , Trichostrongylus axei, Nematodirus spathiger , and Trichuris ovis. Twenty lambs presented cysts of Taenia hydatigena in the liver and mesentery. One lamb presented Coenurus cerebralis, the larval stage of Taenia multiceps, in the brain. In conclusion, sheep from pasture shared with cattle presented a high diversity of nematode species. H. contortus and H. placei co-infection occur with consequent hybridization.

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“…Thus, this needs to be studied in the future, especially with focus on H. contortus, not at least in face of climatic change and its propensity to develop resistance to anthelmintic drugs. Since it is known that there are both polymorphisms and cryptic species around, particularly among members of the members in superfamily Trichostrongyloidea that hybridize [38], we are convinced that nemabiome analysis is well suited for this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sheep Nemabiome Diversity and Its Response to Anthelmintic Treatment in Swedish Sheep Herds

Halvarsson¹,

Höglund

2020

Preprint

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Background: A novel way to study the species composition and diversity of nematode parasites in livestock is to perform deep sequencing on composite samples containing a mixture of different species. Herein we describe for the first-time the nematode community structure (nemabiome) inhabiting Swedish sheep and how these are/were affected by host age and recent anthelmintic treatments. Methods: A total of 158 larval cultures were collected (n=35 in 2007 and n=126 in 2014-2016) from groups of sheep on 61 commercial farms in the south-central part of country were most animals are grazed. Among the samples, 2 x 44 (56%) were paired collected from the same groups pre- and post-treatment with macrocyclic lactones, benzimidazoles or levamisole. The sequences were analyzed for their nemabiome using the PacBio platform followed by bioinformatic sequence analysis with SCATA. Species richness and diversity were calculated and analyzed in R.Results: Nematode ITS2 sequences were found in all samples except two, despite that the fecal egg counts were below the McMaster threshold in 20 samples. Sequencing yielded on average 1,011 sequences per sample. Totally 26 operational taxonomical units (OTU) among which 18 (69%) had ≥99 % identity to sequences in the NCBI database were recognized. The OTUs found represented nematode species among which 10 are commonly associated with sheep. Multiple species were identified in all pre anthelmintic treatment samples. No effects on nematode diversity were found in relation to host age. On the other hand, recent anthelmintic treatment lowered species richness, especially after use of IVM and ABZ. Interestingly, despite zero egg count after use of levamisole, these samples still contained nematode DNA and especially H. contortus. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence for that nemabiome analysis combined with diversity index analysis provide a sensitive and objective methodology in the study of the efficacy of anthelmintic treatment.

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Insight into species diversity of the Trichostrongylidae Leiper, 1912 (Nematoda: Strongylida) in ruminants

Cited by 16 publications

References 68 publications

Transmission of Helminths between Species of Ruminants in Austria Appears More Likely to Occur than Generally Assumed

Transmission of Helminths between Species of Ruminants in Austria Appears More Likely to Occur than Generally Assumed

Helminth infections and hybridization between Haemonchus contortus and Haemonchus placei in sheep from Santana do Livramento, Brazil

Sheep Nemabiome Diversity and Its Response to Anthelmintic Treatment in Swedish Sheep Herds

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