Insight into Classification and Risk Stratification of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Era of Emerging Biomarkers with Focus on Histopathologic Parameters

Mäkitie, Antti; Agaimy, Abbas; Almangush, Alhadi

doi:10.3390/cancers14225514

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…Recent research has underlined many markers that can be assessed using HE-stained sections to improve risk stratification of head and neck SCC [ 34 ]. Our group also assessed the concordance in terms of tumor budding, large cell nests, and stroma type between biopsies and surgical specimens in laryngeal basaloid and conventional SCCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-Stroma Ratio in Basaloid and Conventional Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Prognostic Significance and Concordance in Paired Biopsies and Surgical Samples

Marioni

Taboni

Sbaraglia

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a subtype of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) associated with a poor prognosis. Tumor–stroma ratio (TSR) has been introduced as a prognostic feature in many solid tumors. TSR was investigated in a series of laryngeal BSCCs and compared with a group of stage-matched conventional SCCs (cSCCs), in both preoperative and surgical specimens, with the intent of ascertaining the more aggressive behavior of BSCC and verifying the presence of stromal-related causes. A series of 14 consecutive laryngeal BSCCs and a control group of 28 stage-matched conventional cSCCs were analyzed. A higher nodal metastasis presence was found in BSCCs (57.1% vs. 28.6%). The recurrence rate was 33.5% and 63.6% in the cSCC and BSCC groups; disease-free survival (DFS) was higher, though not significantly, in patients with cSCC. TSR, large cell nests, and tumor budding showed a moderate to very good agreement, and stroma type a good to very good agreement between biopsies and surgical specimens in the cSCC group. In the BSCC group, agreement was poor to very good for TSR and stroma type, and good to very good for large cell nests and tumor budding. Age was the only feature significant in predicting recurrence in the BSCC group (p = 0.0235). In cSCC, TSR low/stroma rich cases, when evaluated on biopsies or surgical specimens, were associated with lower DFS (p = 0.0036; p = 0.0041, respectively). Laryngeal BSCCs showed a lower DFS than cSCCs, even if statistical significance was not reached. TSR, evaluated in laryngeal biopsies and excised tumors, was prognostic in terms of DFS in cSCC but not in BSCC cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-Stroma Ratio in Basaloid and Conventional Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Prognostic Significance and Concordance in Paired Biopsies and Surgical Samples

Marioni

Taboni

Sbaraglia

et al. 2023

Cancers

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“…HNSCC is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and consists of a group of tumors that arise from squamous mucosal surfaces, including nasal and oral cavities, the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, the hypopharynx, and the larynx. Primary risk factors 2 of 22 for HNSCC include tobacco and alcohol use, alpha-type human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, age, and genetic predisposition [1,2]. LuSCC is a type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and occurs in the central part of the lung or the main airway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NAD+ Metabolism-Related Gene Profile Can Be a Relevant Source of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Biomarkers

Minafò,

Antonini,

Dellambra

2024

Cancers

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Poor survival rates of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are associated with high recurrence, metastasis, and late diagnosis, due in part to a limited number of reliable biomarkers. Thus, the identification of signatures improving the diagnosis of different SCC types is mandatory. Considering the relevant role of NAD+ metabolism in SCC chemoprevention and therapy, the study aimed at identifying new biomarkers based on NAD+ metabolism-related gene (NMRG) expression. Gene expression of 18 NMRGs and clinical-pathological information for patients with head and neck SCC (HNSCC), lung SCC (LuSCC), and cervix SCC (CeSCC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed by several bioinformatic tools. We identified a 16-NMRG profile discriminating 3 SCCs from 3 non-correlated tumors. We found several genes for HNSCC, LuSCC, and CeSCC with high diagnostic power. Notably, three NMRGs were SCC-type specific biomarkers. Furthermore, specific signatures displayed high diagnostic power for several clinical-pathological characteristics. Analyzing tumor-infiltrating immune cell profiles and PD-1/PD-L1 levels, we found that NMRG expression was associated with suppressive immune microenvironment mainly in HNSCC. Finally, the evaluation of patient survival identified specific genes for HNSCC, LuSCC, and CeSCC with potential prognostic power. Therefore, our analyses indicate NAD+ metabolism as an important source of SCC biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.

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“…Tumor histotypes are classified into type 1 SCC keratinizing, type 2 (differentiated non-keratinizing), and type 3 (undifferentiated) [5]. Oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has historically been linked to smoking and alcohol consumption as the main risk factors, but in the last 20 years, the increase in incidence has been driven by the spread of infection by the human papilloma virus (HPV), becoming Diagnostics 2024, 14, 1036 2 of 16 an important risk factor, given the oncogenic capabilities of some of the most widespread viral genotypes [6]. OPSCC HPV+ tumors present some peculiarities; they mainly affect patients of a high socio-economic status, males, and those aged 40-60 years old, and they are generally located in the tongue and palatine tonsil [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples are taken through multiple biopsies after an endoscopic evaluation of the primary lesion or lymph nodes [13]. Guidelines indicate that tumor size measurement and staging, histological grading, molecular patterns, and lymph node involvement or metastasis are essential prerequisites for a valid prognostic evaluation of the patient [14][15][16]. There are different therapeutic strategies and different prognoses associated with each tumor type [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Response to Exclusive Combined Radio-Chemotherapy in Naso-Oropharyngeal Cancer: The Role of Texture Analysis

Bicci,

Calamandrei,

Di Finizio

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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The aim of this work is to identify MRI texture features able to predict the response to radio-chemotherapy (RT-CHT) in patients with naso-oropharyngeal carcinoma (NPC-OPC) before treatment in order to help clinical decision making. Textural features were derived from ADC maps and post-gadolinium T1-images on a single MRI machine for 37 patients with NPC-OPC. Patients were divided into two groups (responders/non-responders) according to results from MRI scans and 18F-FDG-PET/CT performed at follow-up 3–4 and 12 months after therapy and biopsy. Pre-RT-CHT lesions were segmented, and radiomic features were extracted. A non-parametric Mann–Whitney test was performed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Receiver operating characteristic curves and area-under-the-curve values were generated; a 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported. A radiomic model was constructed using the LASSO algorithm. After feature selection on MRI T1 post-contrast sequences, six features were statistically significant: gldm_DependenceEntropy and DependenceNonUniformity, glrlm_RunEntropy and RunLengthNonUniformity, and glszm_SizeZoneNonUniformity and ZoneEntropy, with significant cut-off values between responder and non-responder group. With the LASSO algorithm, the radiomic model showed an AUC of 0.89 and 95% CI: 0.78–0.99. In ADC, five features were selected with an AUC of 0.84 and 95% CI: 0.68–1. Texture analysis on post-gadolinium T1-images and ADC maps could potentially predict response to therapy in patients with NPC-OPC who will undergo exclusive treatment with RT-CHT, being, therefore, a useful tool in therapeutical–clinical decision making.

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Insight into Classification and Risk Stratification of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Era of Emerging Biomarkers with Focus on Histopathologic Parameters

Cited by 3 publications

References 75 publications

Tumor-Stroma Ratio in Basaloid and Conventional Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Prognostic Significance and Concordance in Paired Biopsies and Surgical Samples

Tumor-Stroma Ratio in Basaloid and Conventional Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Prognostic Significance and Concordance in Paired Biopsies and Surgical Samples

NAD+ Metabolism-Related Gene Profile Can Be a Relevant Source of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Biomarkers

Predicting Response to Exclusive Combined Radio-Chemotherapy in Naso-Oropharyngeal Cancer: The Role of Texture Analysis

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