Inside the Black Box of School Reform: Explaining the how and why of change atGetting Resultsschools

Research on Data Use: A Framework and Analysis

“…Indeed, several studies find that when designed routines brought school administrators together with teachers in new ways, administrators played an increased role in what teachers noticed about the data, how they interpreted it, and how they constructed implications for action (McDougall et al, 2007;Spillane et al, 2011). Thus, to the degree that interventions shape patterns of interaction through designed routines, they are likely to influence the dynamics of interpretation as well.…”

“…In these schools, teachers are more likely to use data to support joint problem solving (Ikemoto & Marsh, 2007;Little, 2007;Symonds, 2004;Young, 2008). Schools with norms that enable teachers to share data about their classroom practice openly, critique one another, or ask challenging questions are more likely to have conversations that delve more deeply into issues of instruction and student learning (Little et al 2003;McDougall, Saunders, & Goldenberg, 2007;Timperley, 2009). …”

“…These initiatives often incorporate multiple tools along with professional development and new technology. They include such diverse strategies as district initiatives that couple interim assessments linked to pacing guides and curriculum standards that teachers are required to administer and discuss in teacher teams (Christman et al, 2009;Clune & White, 2008;Goertz, Nabors Oláh, & Riggan, 2010); schoollevel inquiry projects that tend to focus on a broad range of data, use protocols to guide data discussions, and frequently involve trained facilitators and/or professional development (Copland, 2003;Gallimore, Ermeling, Saunders, & Goldenberg, 2009;McDougall et al, 2007;Porter and Snipes, 2006;); and district data use initiatives that engage individuals at multiple levels of the system in data routines, use technological tools and protocols, and involve professional development (Ikemoto & Honig, 2010;Kerr et al, 2006;Marsh et al, 2006;Supovitz, 2006) among others.…”

A classroom data literacy intervention for pre-service teachers

“…That one-year intervention focused on administrators' interpretation and use of benchmark assessment data but also involved educator training in data use. In another study, elementary schools implementing a particular reform model (Getting Results) involving data use as one component posted larger gains in core academic subjects than comparison schools (McDougall, Saunders, & Goldenberg, 2007).…”

Self-Monitoring of Pace to Improve Math Fluency of High School Students with Disabilities

“…Self-graphing can be used in conjunction with goal setting to improve students' subsequent performance (McDougall et al, 2006). The importance of setting goals for student achievement has been documented in numerous studies (e.g., Peterson & Lezotte, 1991;McDougall, Saunders, & Goldenberg, 2007). Moreover, consistently measuring progress toward achieving educational goals has been shown to be positively related to improvements in students' academic outcomes (Brophy & Good, 1986).…”