Inside and Beyond Color: Comparative Overview of Functional Quality of Tomato and Watermelon Fruits

Ilahy, Riadh; Tlili, Imen; Siddiqui, Mohammed Wasim; Hdider, Chafik; Lenucci, Marcello Salvatore

doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00769

Cited by 71 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 220 publications

(317 reference statements)

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“…This study confirms the presence of widely studied phytoconstituents from the Citrullus lanatus species that are deemed as medicinally beneficial, such as lycopene, cucurbitacin E, citrulline, arginine, and ascorbic acid, among other metabolites [ 17 , 36 , 37 ]. Of these, lycopene and citrulline can be said to contribute significantly to setting the red watermelon cultivar apart from the yellow cultivar using a metabolomics approach, eventually making it a healthier dietary choice.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Metabolite Profiles of Red and Yellow Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Cultivars Using a 1H-NMR Metabolomics Approach

et al. 2020

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Watermelon, a widely commercialized fruit, is famous for its thirst-quenching property. The broad range of cultivars, which give rise to distinct color and taste, can be attributed to the differences in their chemical profile, especially that of the carotenoids and volatile compounds. In order to understand this distribution properly, water extracts of red and yellow watermelon pulps with predominantly polar metabolites were subjected to proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis. Deuterium oxide (D2O) and deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) solvents were used to capture both polar and non-polar metabolites from the same sample. Thirty-six metabolites, of which six are carotenoids, were identified from the extracts. The clustering of the compounds was determined using unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and further grouping was achieved using supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The presence of lycopene, β-carotene, lutein, and prolycopene in the red watermelon plays an important role in its differentiation from the yellow cultivar. A marked difference in metabolite distribution was observed between the NMR solvents used as evidenced from the PCA model. OPLS-DA and relative quantification of the metabolites, on the other hand, helped in uncovering the discriminating metabolites of the red and yellow watermelon cultivars from the same solvent system.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Metabolite Profiles of Red and Yellow Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Cultivars Using a 1H-NMR Metabolomics Approach

et al. 2020

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“…The biosynthesis of quercetin is stimulated by light so that the compound accumulates mainly in the leaves and peel of fruit. A diet rich in vegetables and fruit with peel provides an intake of 200 to 500 mg per day of quercetin (157). The compound has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, anti-aggregant and anti-thrombotic actions and has cardioprotective effects (158).…”

Section: Indole 3 Carbinol (I3c) Di-indoylmethane (Dim) Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticancer Effects of Nutraceuticals in the Mediterranean Diet: An Epigenetic Diet Model

Divella

Daniele

Savino

et al. 2020

Cancer Genomics Proteomics

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Epidemiological and clinical studies support the association between nutrition and development or progression of different malignancies such as colon, breast, and prostate cancer, defining these tumors as diet-associated cancer. The Mediterranean diet shows inverse associations with metabolic diseases, cardiovascular pathologies and various types of cancer. Many bioactive nutrients of the Mediterranean diet have been identified as factors protective against these types of pathologies. The epigenome has been identified as the primary goal of modulations in gene expression related to these molecular nutrients. In fact, they can modify the epigenome and can be incorporated into the 'epigenetic diet', which translates into a diet regimen that can be used therapeutically for health or preventative purposes. Most epigenetic changes are influenced by lifestyle and nutrition. Epigenetic therapy is a new area for the development of nutraceuticals whose absence of toxicity can represent a valid asset in cancer prevention strategies. Recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics and nutraceuticals have led to the identification of superfoods capable of favorably conditioning gene expression. In this review, we highlight the importance of nutraceuticals present in the Mediterranean diet as epigenetic modifiers both in the mechanisms of tumor onset and as protective agents.

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“…A fresh tomato's volatile profile varies between different cultivars. One of the most important classes of volatile compounds in tomato is six‐carbon (C6) aldehydes derived from lipids by the oxylipin pathway, such as hexanal, cis ‐3‐hexenal and corresponding alcohols . Other volatile compounds include carotenoid‐derived, amino acid‐derived and phenolic derivatives .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in flavonoid and carotenoid profiles alter volatile organic compounds in purple and orange cherry tomatoes obtained by allele introgression

et al. 2020

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BACKGROUND: Tomatoes are an important source of human health-promoting compounds, and efforts have been made to enhance their nutritional quality through conventional plant breeding or biotechnology. This study assessed the composition of volatile compounds, phenolics and carotenoids in two allele-introgressed tomato lines, an anthocyanin-rich purple tomato and a -carotene-rich orange tomato, as well as a red tomato.RESULTS: The purple tomato peel accumulated a high amount of anthocyanins, mainly petunidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-rutinoside-5-glucoside, responsible for the purple color, and other flavonoids such as rutin and kaempferol. The orange tomato did not undergo changes in the flavonoid profile but accumulated a high amount of -carotene, with impairment on lycopene. A total of 27 volatile compounds were detected in purple tomato, 38 in orange tomato and 39 in red tomato. They comprise terpenes, carbonyls, alcohols, esters and hydrocarbons. The difference in the volatile compound profiles of ripe fruits can be related to differences in some precursor contents in the introgression lines. Orange tomato accumulates volatiles from -carotene cleavage, not detected in the red fruits. Otherwise, volatiles from lycopene were absent in orange tomato as a result of the inhibition on lycopene accumulation. Phenolic volatiles were higher in the purple tomato, which has the highest total phenolic content.CONCLUSION: The introgessed alleles seem to have a positive effect on the enrichment of ripe tomato in bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins and -carotene, improving nutritional quality. However, the allele introgression resulted in marked changes in volatile compound profiles, whose impact on tomato flavor and consumer acceptability needs to be evaluated. Phenolic compound quantificationThe allele introgression that generated the purple tomato induced a significant increase in total flavonoid and hydroxycinnamic acid content, which was almost four times higher than that of the red control (Table 2). This gain was attributed to the increase

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Inside and Beyond Color: Comparative Overview of Functional Quality of Tomato and Watermelon Fruits

Cited by 71 publications

References 220 publications

Metabolite Profiles of Red and Yellow Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Cultivars Using a 1H-NMR Metabolomics Approach

Metabolite Profiles of Red and Yellow Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Cultivars Using a 1H-NMR Metabolomics Approach

Anticancer Effects of Nutraceuticals in the Mediterranean Diet: An Epigenetic Diet Model

Changes in flavonoid and carotenoid profiles alter volatile organic compounds in purple and orange cherry tomatoes obtained by allele introgression

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