Insertions, duplications and substitutions in restricted gp90 regions of equine infectious anaemia virus during febrile episodes in an experimentally infected horse.

Zheng, Yong Hui; Nakaya, Takaaki; Sentsui, Hiroshi; Kameoka, Masanori; Kusumoto, Masahiko; Hagiwara, Kaoru; Takahashi, Hirokazu; Kono, Yuji; Ikuta, Kazuyoshi

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-78-4-807

Cited by 36 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Subsequent studies have indicated further key similarities between EIAV gp90 and HIV-1 gp120 with respect to variable-domain structure and functional properties, especially in the respective V3 regions (Modrow et al, 1987;Leonard et al, 1990;Leroux et al, 1997Leroux et al, , 2001Zheng et al, 1997;. The current studies further demonstrate this similarity in lentivirus Env protein structure with respect to V3 structure and function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…EIAV Env evolution studies have indicated that EIAV SU protein (gp90) is the predominant site of EIAV antigenic variation, and distinct conserved and variable domains in gp90 have been defined (Leroux et al, 1997(Leroux et al, , 2001Zheng et al, 1997). The general structural organization of EIAV gp90 has been predicted to be similar to the analogous Env proteins of both HIV-1 and MuLV (Gallaher et al, 1989(Gallaher et al, , 1995.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Binding of equine infectious anemia virus to the equine lentivirus receptor-1 is mediated by complex discontinuous sequences in the viral envelope gp90 protein

Sun

Zhang

Jin

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

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The identification and characterization of a functional cellular receptor for equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), designated equine lentivirus receptor-1 (ELR1), a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor protein family, has been reported previously . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102 , [9918][9919][9920][9921][9922][9923]. The finding of a single receptor for EIAV is distinct from feline, simian and human immunodeficiency viruses, which typically utilize two co-receptors for infection, but is similar to avian and murine oncoviruses, which use single receptors. This study sought to determine ELR1-binding domains of EIAV gp90. Towards this goal, a GFP-tagged gp90 fusion protein (gp90GFP) expression vector was constructed and a specific cell-cell binding assay was developed to measure EIAV gp90 binding to ELR1. Using these assays, the receptor-binding properties of 41 gp90GFP mutants were evaluated, each with a sequential replacement 11 aa linear epitope peptide from the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G tag), as well as eight mutants containing individual gp90 variable-domain deletions. The results of these studies demonstrated that, in general, gp90 constructs containing substitutions or deletions in the N-terminal third of gp90 retained their receptor-binding activity. In contrast, segment substitutions or deletions in the C-terminal two-thirds of gp90 eliminated receptorbinding activity. Thus, these results reveal for the first time that the ELR1-binding domains of EIAV gp90 are located in the C-terminal two-thirds of EIAV gp90, apparently as a complex of discontinuous determinants. INTRODUCTIONAdsorption and entry of retroviruses into target cells requires the interaction of viral envelope (Env) glycoproteins with specific cellular receptor proteins. Retroviral envelope glycoproteins are synthesized as polyprotein precursors that are cleaved, during transport to the surface of infected cells, into the surface (SU) subunit and transmembrane (TM) subunit. The SU protein is bound at the virion surface through interaction with the TM protein and is responsible for the initial binding to receptor proteins on the target cell surface. Studies of the specificity of functional receptors for various retroviruses have indicated a general pattern of single receptor protein use by oncoviruses (such as murine and avian leukemia viruses) that is in distinct contrast to the dual co-receptor usage observed with the lentiviruses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) (Eiden et al., 1993;de Parseval et al., 2004;Douglas et al., 1997;Barnard et al., 2006). Whilst the general assumption has been that all lentiviruses may use dual co-receptors for infection of target cells, the recent identification of a single functional receptor for equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) has revealed an unexpected diversity in lentivirus receptor specificity and interactions .Murine leukemia virus (MuLV) Env SU proteins and their interactions with receptors ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binding of equine infectious anemia virus to the equine lentivirus receptor-1 is mediated by complex discontinuous sequences in the viral envelope gp90 protein

Sun

Zhang

Jin

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

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“…Branch lengths are proportional to the distance between the sequences. [81,190]. Point mutations, insertions and deletions are observed during the dynamic evolution of the gp90 quasispecies, mainly in the V3 region corresponding to the PND (Fig.…”

Section: Viral Evolution In Infected Animalsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Virus neutralization assays established that plasma neutralizes virus isolates recovered during earlier febrile episodes, but fails to neutralize virus isolates recovered from subsequent febrile episodes [117,152]. Comprehensive studies on the evolution of the surface gp90 glycoprotein revealed that mutations occur rapidly after experimental infection of ponies with the American EIAV PV [81] or horses with the Japanese virulent EIAV strain V70 [190] . These two parallel studies with viruses from different geographical origins showed that these mutations are not randomly distributed along gp90 but delineate variable regions [81,190].…”

Section: Viral Evolution In Infected Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comprehensive studies on the evolution of the surface gp90 glycoprotein revealed that mutations occur rapidly after experimental infection of ponies with the American EIAV PV [81] or horses with the Japanese virulent EIAV strain V70 [190] . These two parallel studies with viruses from different geographical origins showed that these mutations are not randomly distributed along gp90 but delineate variable regions [81,190]. We defined eight variable regions, rapidly evolving after EIAV inoculation (Fig.…”

Section: Viral Evolution In Infected Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV): what has HIV?s country cousin got to tell us?

2004

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-Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) is a lentivirus, of the Retrovirus family, with an almost worldwide distribution, infecting equids. It causes a persistent infection characterized by recurring febrile episodes associating viremia, fever, thrombocytopenia, and wasting symptoms. The disease is experimentally reproducible by inoculation of Shetland ponies or horses with EIAV pathogenic strains. Among lentiviruses, EIAV is unique in that, despite a rapid virus replication and antigenic variation, most animals progress from a chronic stage characterized by recurring peaks of viremia and fever to an asymptomatic stage of infection. The inapparent carriers remain infective for life, as demonstrated by experimental transfer of blood to naive animals. The understanding of the correlates of this immune control is of great interest in defining vaccine strategies. Research on EIAV, this "country cousin" of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), over the last five decades has produced some interesting results on natural immunological control of lentivirus replication and disease and on the nature and role of virus variation in persistence and pathogenesis. These studies are of interest in the context of HIV and efforts to develop a vaccine. This review will focus on some of the most recent results. equine infectious anemia virus / lentivirus / equids / vaccine / viral evolution

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Structural insight into equine lentivirus receptor 1

2015

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Equine lentivirus receptor 1 (ELR1) has been identified as a functional cellular receptor for equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). Herein, recombinant ELR1 and EIAV surface glycoprotein gp90 were respectively expressed in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells, and purified to homogeneity by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. Gel filtration chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) analyses indicated that both ELR1 and gp90 existed as individual monomers in solution and formed a complex with a stoichiometry of 1:1 when mixed. The structure of ELR1 was first determined with the molecular replacement method, which belongs to the space group P4 2 2 1 2 with one molecule in an asymmetric unit. It contains eight antiparallel bsheets, of which four are in cysteine rich domain 1 (CRD1) and two are in CRD2 and CRD3, respectively. Alignment of ELR1 with HVEM and CD134 indicated that Tyr61, Leu70, and Gly72 in CRD1 of ELR1 are important residues for binding to gp90. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments further confirmed that Leu70 and Gly72 are the critical residues.

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Insertions, duplications and substitutions in restricted gp90 regions of equine infectious anaemia virus during febrile episodes in an experimentally infected horse.

Cited by 36 publications

References 31 publications

Binding of equine infectious anemia virus to the equine lentivirus receptor-1 is mediated by complex discontinuous sequences in the viral envelope gp90 protein

Binding of equine infectious anemia virus to the equine lentivirus receptor-1 is mediated by complex discontinuous sequences in the viral envelope gp90 protein

Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV): what has HIV?s country cousin got to tell us?

Structural insight into equine lentivirus receptor 1

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